Cohen-Kettenis P T, van Goozen S H, Doorn C D, Gooren L J
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Utrecht University Hospital, The Netherlands.
Psychoneuroendocrinology. 1998 Aug;23(6):631-41. doi: 10.1016/s0306-4530(98)00033-x.
It is still unclear to what extent cross-gender identity is due to pre- and perinatal organising effects of sex hormones on the brain. Empirical evidence for a relationship between prenatal hormonal influences and certain aspects of gender typical (cognitive) functioning comes from pre- and postpubertal clinical samples, such as women suffering from congenital adrenal hyperplasia and studies in normal children. In order to further investigate the hypothesis that cross-gender identity is influenced by prenatal exposure to (atypical) sex steroid levels we conducted a study with early onset, adult male-to-female and female-to-male transsexuals, who were not yet hormonally treated, and nontranssexual adult female and male controls. The aim of the study was to find out whether early onset transsexuals performed in congruence with their biological sex or their gender identity. The results on different tests show that gender differences were pronounced, and that the two transsexual groups occupied a position in between these two groups, thus showing a pattern of performance away from their biological sex. The findings provide evidence that organisational hormonal influences may have an effect on the development of cross-gender identity.
目前尚不清楚跨性别身份在多大程度上归因于性激素在产前和围产期对大脑的组织作用。关于产前激素影响与性别典型（认知）功能某些方面之间关系的实证证据来自青春期前和青春期后的临床样本，比如患有先天性肾上腺皮质增生症的女性以及对正常儿童的研究。为了进一步研究跨性别身份受产前暴露于（非典型）性类固醇水平影响这一假设，我们对未接受激素治疗的成年早发性男变女和女变男的变性者以及非变性成年女性和男性对照组进行了一项研究。该研究的目的是弄清楚早发性变性者的表现是与其生理性别一致还是与其性别认同一致。不同测试的结果表明，性别差异很明显，并且两个变性者群体处于这两组之间的位置，从而显示出与其生理性别不同的表现模式。这些发现提供了证据，表明激素的组织作用可能会对跨性别身份的发展产生影响。
