Alexander I M
Yale University Health Services, Internal Medicine Department, Yale University School of Nursing, New Haven, Conn., USA.
Nurse Pract. 1998 Oct;23(10):13-4, 17-20, 25-6 passim; quiz 44-5.
Many patients in primary care settings have hepatitis. This article discusses signs and symptoms of acute hepatitis and outlines differential diagnoses. The characteristics and methods of transmission of individual hepatotropic viruses, including hepatitis A, B, C, D, E, and G/GB-C are reviewed. Serologic diagnosis of the causative agent is explained. Patient care includes sign and symptom management, medication administration, prevention of transmission to friends and family members, follow-up serologic testing, and evaluation for chronic infection. Preventive measures include vaccination and the use of immune globulin agents for hepatitis A and B. Health care providers should be aware of recent developments in the treatment of chronic infection with hepatitis B and C.
许多初级保健机构中的患者患有肝炎。本文讨论了急性肝炎的体征和症状，并概述了鉴别诊断。回顾了包括甲型、乙型、丙型、丁型、戊型和庚型/GB-C型肝炎病毒在内的各嗜肝病毒的特征和传播方式。解释了病原体的血清学诊断。患者护理包括体征和症状管理、药物治疗、预防传播给朋友和家人、后续血清学检测以及慢性感染评估。预防措施包括甲型和乙型肝炎的疫苗接种以及免疫球蛋白制剂的使用。医疗保健提供者应了解乙型和丙型肝炎慢性感染治疗的最新进展。
