Dooley D, Prause J
Department of Psychology and Social Behavior, University of California, Irvine 92697, USA.
J Stud Alcohol. 1998 Nov;59(6):669-80. doi: 10.15288/jsa.1998.59.669.
This study measured the impact of unemployment and underemployment on alcohol misuse.
A panel of respondents from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth was studied in 1984-85 and 1988-89. In each pair of years, the effect of employment change (e.g., becoming underemployed) on alcohol misuse was assessed controlling for misuse in the first year. Alcohol misuse was operationalized in two ways: elevated symptoms and heavy drinking. Three samples were analyzed: a core sample of 2,441 who were available in both pairs of years (approximately 65% male) and two extended samples that included everyone available in one pair of years but not the other (n = 4,183 in 1984-85 and n = 3,926 in 1988-89).
The 1984-85 analyses revealed a significant association of adverse change in employment with both elevated alcohol symptoms and heavy drinking (the latter moderated by prior heavy drinking). The 1988-89 analyses found no relationship between adverse change in employment and heavy drinking in the core sample and no main effect of adverse change in employment on symptoms, but they did reveal interactions involving prior symptoms (core sample) and marital status (extended sample).
Several explanations for these decreasing effects over time were considered including changes in measurement reliability, statistical power, economic environment and respondents' maturity. These results confirm previous findings that job loss can increase the risk of alcohol misuse, provide new evidence that two types of underemployment (involuntary part-time and poverty-level wage) can also increase this risk and suggest that these effects vary over time.
本研究衡量了失业和就业不足对酒精滥用的影响。
对来自全国青年纵向调查的一组受访者在1984 - 1985年和1988 - 1989年进行了研究。在每两年的时间段内，评估就业变化（如就业不足）对酒精滥用的影响，并控制第一年的滥用情况。酒精滥用通过两种方式进行衡量：症状加重和酗酒。分析了三个样本：一个由2441人组成的核心样本，他们在两个两年时间段内都参与了调查（约65%为男性），以及两个扩展样本，其中一个扩展样本包括在1984 - 1985年参与调查但在1988 - 1989年未参与的所有人（n = 4183），另一个扩展样本包括在1988 - 1989年参与调查但在1984 - 1985年未参与的所有人（n = 3926）。
1984 - 1985年的分析显示，就业状况的不利变化与酒精症状加重和酗酒均存在显著关联（后者受先前酗酒情况的影响）。1988 - 1989年的分析发现，核心样本中就业状况的不利变化与酗酒之间没有关系，就业状况的不利变化对症状也没有主要影响，但揭示了与先前症状（核心样本）和婚姻状况（扩展样本）相关的相互作用。
考虑了随着时间推移这些影响减弱的几种解释，包括测量可靠性、统计效力、经济环境和受访者成熟度的变化。这些结果证实了先前的研究发现，即失业会增加酒精滥用的风险，提供了新的证据表明两种类型的就业不足（非自愿兼职和贫困水平工资）也会增加这种风险，并表明这些影响会随时间变化。
