Moyer L A, Mast E E
Hepatitis Branch of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
J Intraven Nurs. 1998 Sep-Oct;21(5):286-90.
Viral hepatitis is a term commonly used for several clinically similar, yet etiologically and epidemiologically distinct, diseases. Five human hepatitis viruses have been identified. Hepatitis A, B, C, and D are endemic in the United States; hepatitis E is rarely reported in the United States, and most U.S. cases are seen in persons who have traveled to areas where hepatitis E. is endemic. Hepatitis A and E are transmitted by the fecal-oral route; hepatitis B, C, and D are blood-borne diseases. Hepatitis A and B have been recognized as separate entities since the early 1940s and can be diagnosed by serologic tests. Tests are available to detect the antibody to hepatitis C and D virus; no commercial test is available to diagnose hepatitis E. Hepatitis A, B, and D can be prevented by vaccine, but no vaccines are available for hepatitis C or E.
病毒性肝炎是一个常用术语，用于描述几种临床症状相似，但病因和流行病学特征不同的疾病。已确定五种人类肝炎病毒。甲型、乙型、丙型和丁型肝炎在美国呈地方性流行；戊型肝炎在美国很少有报道，大多数美国病例见于前往戊型肝炎流行地区的人。甲型和戊型肝炎通过粪-口途径传播；乙型、丙型和丁型肝炎是血液传播疾病。自20世纪40年代初以来，甲型和乙型肝炎就被认为是不同的疾病实体，可通过血清学检测进行诊断。有检测丙型和丁型肝炎病毒抗体的检测方法；尚无用于诊断戊型肝炎的商业检测方法。甲型、乙型和丁型肝炎可通过疫苗预防，但丙型或戊型肝炎尚无疫苗。
