Venous anatomy and physiology. Considerations for vascular access device placement and function.

A thorough knowledge of venous anatomy and physiology is important for any practitioner involved in the care of a patient with a vascular access device. This article reviews basic anatomy and physiology of the venous system of the upper extremities and chest, describes assessment parameters for patients prior to device placement, and suggests options in siting devices. This paper should assist the practitioner caring for a patient prior to or following device placement.