Radiofrequency and microwave dielectric properties of aqueous cryoprotectant agents: dimethyl sulphoxide and 2,3-butanediol.

Earlier work on the dielectric properties of cryoprotectant agents is extended using a modified measuring cell and method of data reduction yielding results more efficiently over a temperature range from -75 to +25 degrees C at frequencies from 27 MHz to 3 GHz. Dimethyl sulphoxide and butanediol are investigated at lower aqueous concentrations than previously and the implications for electromagnetic rewarming of cryopreserved materials are discussed.