利用职业安全与健康管理局（OSHA）的合规数据（1979 - 1995年）对可吸入结晶二氧化硅粉尘进行监测。

Surveillance of respirable crystalline silica dust using OSHA compliance data (1979-1995).

作者信息

Linch K D, Miller W E, Althouse R B, Groce D W, Hale J M

机构信息

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888, USA.

出版信息

Am J Ind Med. 1998 Dec;34(6):547-58. doi: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0274(199812)34:6<547::aid-ajim2>3.0.co;2-b.

DOI:10.1002/(sici)1097-0274(199812)34:6<547::aid-ajim2>3.0.co;2-b

PMID:9816412

Abstract

BACKGROUND

The objective of this work was to estimate the percentage of workers by industry that are exposed to defined concentrations of respirable crystalline silica dust.

METHODS

An algorithm was used to estimate the percentage of total workers exposed to crystalline silica in 1993 at concentrations of at least 1, 2, 5, and 10 times the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Limit (REL) of 0.05 mg/m3. Respirable crystalline silica air sampling data from regulatory compliance inspections performed by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), for the years 1979-1995, and recorded in the Integrated Management Information System (IMIS) were used to estimate exposures. Therefore, this work does not include industries such as mining and agriculture that are not covered by OSHA. The estimates are stratified by Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) codes.

RESULTS

This work found that some of the highest respirable crystalline silica dust concentrations occurred in construction (masonry, heavy construction, and painting), iron and steel foundries (casting), and in metal services (sandblasting, grinding, or buffing of metal parts). It was found that 1.8% (13,800 workers) of the workers in SIC 174--Masonry, Stonework, Tile Setting, and Plastering--were exposed to at least 10 times the NIOSH REL. For SIC 162--Heavy Construction, Except Highway and Street Construction--this number is 1.3% (6,300 workers). SIC 172--Painting and Paper Hanging--which includes construction workers involved in sandblasting was found to have 1.9% (3,000 workers) exposed to at least 10 times the NIOSH REL. The industry that was found to have the highest percentage of workers (6%) exposed to at least the NIOSH REL was the cut stone and stone products industry.

CONCLUSION

Not enough is being done to control exposure to respirable crystalline silica. Engineering controls should be instituted in the industries indicated by this work.

摘要

背景

本研究的目的是估算按行业划分的、接触特定浓度可吸入结晶硅尘的工人百分比。

方法

采用一种算法来估算1993年接触结晶硅的工人总数中，接触浓度至少为美国国家职业安全与健康研究所（NIOSH）推荐暴露限值（REL）0.05毫克/立方米的1、2、5和10倍的工人百分比。职业安全与健康管理局（OSHA）在1979 - 1995年期间进行的法规合规检查中获取的、并记录在综合管理信息系统（IMIS）中的可吸入结晶硅空气采样数据，被用于估算暴露情况。因此，本研究不包括OSHA未涵盖的行业，如采矿业和农业。估算结果按标准产业分类（SIC）代码进行分层。

结果

本研究发现，一些可吸入结晶硅尘浓度最高的行业包括建筑业（砖石工程、重型建筑和油漆作业）、钢铁铸造厂（铸造）以及金属服务业（金属部件的喷砂、打磨或抛光）。研究发现，标准产业分类代码为174（砖石工程、石雕、瓷砖铺设和抹灰）的行业中，1.8%（13,800名工人）的工人接触的浓度至少为NIOSH推荐暴露限值的10倍。对于标准产业分类代码为162（重型建筑，不包括公路和街道建设）的行业，这一数字为1.3%（6,300名工人）。标准产业分类代码为172（油漆和裱糊）的行业——包括从事喷砂作业的建筑工人——发现有1.9%（3,000名工人）接触的浓度至少为NIOSH推荐暴露限值的10倍。发现工人接触浓度至少达到NIOSH推荐暴露限值的比例最高（6%）的行业是切割石材和石材制品行业。