Social stress in neighboring and encountering blind mole-rats (Spalax ehrenbergi).

Blind mole-rats (Spalax ehrenbergi) are solitary aggressive subterranean rodents. They inhabit individual territories, comprised of branched tunnels. Each such tunnel system is completely separate from that of any neighboring mole-rat. Although intraspecific encounters between neighbors are infrequent, when they do occur, they may result in the injury or death of one or both animals. Avoidance of encounters may be due to the awareness of a neighbor's whereabouts through scent-marking and/or seismic (vibratory) communication. The present study was intended to examine whether encounters between individual mole-rats result in physiological stress. Two experimental conditions were designed to simulate natural situations: a brief encounter between two neighboring mole-rats, taking place either once or several times and long-term residency of neighbors whose only contact was either vibratory or vibratory plus odor communication. Blood samples were taken before, during, and after encounters in the first experiment and at set intervals in the second. The blood variables measured were blood glucose levels (BGL) and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (N/L). Blood glucose levels and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio ratios increased in both members of encountering pairs. Long-term residency with a neighbor resulted in the establishment of a dominant-subordinate relationship through vibratory communication only, with increased neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio ratio in the subordinate males. However, long-term residency of males exposed to both vibrations and odors of neighboring males resulted in the death of both individuals. It seems that brief direct encounters and long-term neighboring conditions without physical contact are sufficient to cause severe stress to mole-rats. It is possible that in the wild, in some situations in which neighboring mole-rats cannot avoid constant exposure to each other's vibratory and odor signals, the consequent extensive stress may result in death.