Lane H, Perkell J, Wozniak J, Manzella J, Guiod P, Matthies M, MacCollin M, Vick J
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Cambridge 02139, USA.
J Acoust Soc Am. 1998 Nov;104(5):3059-69. doi: 10.1121/1.423900.
According to a dual-process theory of the role of hearing in speech production, hearing helps maintain an internal model used by the speech control mechanism to achieve phonemic goals. It also monitors the acoustic environment and guides relatively rapid adjustments in postural parameters, such as those underlying average speech sound level and rate, in order to achieve suprasegmental goals that are a compromise between intelligibility and economy of effort. In order to obtain evidence bearing on this theory, acoustic and aerodynamic measures were collected from seven adventitiously deaf speakers who received cochlear implants, three speakers who had severe reduction in hearing following surgery for Neurofibromatosis-2, and one hard of hearing speaker. These speakers made recordings of the Rainbow Passage and an English vowel inventory before and after intervention. All but one of the postlingually deaf speakers who received prosthetic hearing reduced speech sound level, SPL. Three of these significantly increased a measure of inferred glottal aperture, H1-H2, and their session means for these two parameters were inversely correlated longitudinally. All but one of the speakers terminated respiratory limbs closer to functional residual capacity (FRC) once prosthetic hearing was supplied. Finally, the implant users' average values of air expenditure moved toward normative values with prosthetic hearing. These results are attributed to the mediation of changes in respiratory and glottal posture aimed at reducing speech sound level and economizing effort.
根据一种关于听力在言语产生中作用的双过程理论，听力有助于维持言语控制机制用来实现音素目标的内部模型。它还监测声学环境，并指导对姿势参数进行相对快速的调整，比如那些作为平均语音声级和语速基础的参数，以便实现超音段目标，这些目标是可懂度和努力程度之间的一种折衷。为了获得与该理论相关的证据，对7名接受人工耳蜗植入的后天性聋人、3名因2型神经纤维瘤病手术后听力严重下降的患者以及1名听力受损者进行了声学和空气动力学测量。这些受试者在干预前后录制了《彩虹 passage》和一份英语元音清单。除一名接受人工听力的语后聋受试者外，其他所有受试者的语音声级（SPL）均降低。其中3名受试者显著增加了一项推断声门孔径的指标H1-H2，并且这两个参数的会话均值在纵向呈负相关。一旦提供人工听力，除一名受试者外，其他所有受试者的呼吸肢体在更接近功能残气量（FRC）时终止。最后，人工耳蜗使用者的空气消耗平均值随着人工听力而趋向于正常数值。这些结果归因于旨在降低语音声级和节省努力的呼吸和声门姿势变化的介导作用。
