Endogenous and exogenous DNA lesions recognized by N-alkylpurine-DNA glycosylases.

The combined action of glycosylases and abasic site-specific endonucleases on damaged bases in DNA results in single strand breaks. In plasmid DNA, as a consequence, the covalently closed circular (ccc) form is converted to the open circular (oc) form, and this can be quantitated by agarose gel electrophoresis. We studied DNA lesions sensitive to E. coli 3-methyladenine-DNA glycosylase II (AlkA) and cloned human N-alkylpurine-DNA glycosylase (ANPG-40) which are known to excise alkylated bases and etheno adducts. pBR322 and pAlk10 plasmids not pretreated with mutagens were cleaved by both glycosylases in the presence of enzymes possessing endonucleolytic activity, which indicates that plasmids contain unknown, endogenously formed adducts. Plasmids pretreated with chloroacetaldehyde, a mutagen forming etheno adducts, exhibited enhanced sensitivity to both glycosylases. Adducts formed by acrolein and croton aldehyde were excised by AlkA, but not by ANPG-40, whereas malondialdehyde adducts were not excised by either glycosylase. Bulky p-benzochinone adducts were not excised by AlkA, however, the plasmid pretreated with this mutagen was incised by endonucleases, possibly without prior generation of an abasic site. These examples show that examination of conformational changes of plasmid DNA can be taken advantage of to study the specificity of N-alkylpurine-DNA-glycosylases.