Mayol J, Fernández-Represa J A
Servicio de Cirugía I, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid.
Rev Esp Enferm Dig. 1998 Oct;90(10):714-21.
Salt and water secretion by epithelial cells is required to hydrate the mucosal surface of both gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts. Intestinal secretion is the result of active transcellular chloride transport by epithelial cells lining the crypts. Defective chloride secretion is responsible for many common disorders such as secretory diarrhea and cystic fibrosis. In this review we deal with the most relevant issues regarding epithelial transcellular chloride secretion. We first consider the principles of membrane transport and transport protein function. Then, we briefly discuss the use of state-of-the-art techniques for electrophysiological studies such as "patch-clamp" and microfluorometry. The epithelial chloride secretion model is described according to observations made in both native tissue and cultured intestinal epithelial cells. Next, we consider the intracellular signaling cascades involved in the regulation of membrane transport systems and transcellular chloride secretion. Finally, the clinical implications of the most recent findings are commented, with emphasis on potential molecular targets for the treatment of cystic fibrosis and secretory diarrhea.
上皮细胞分泌盐和水对于胃肠道和呼吸道黏膜表面的水合作用至关重要。肠道分泌是隐窝内衬上皮细胞主动跨细胞转运氯离子的结果。氯离子分泌缺陷是导致许多常见疾病的原因，如分泌性腹泻和囊性纤维化。在这篇综述中，我们探讨了与上皮细胞跨细胞氯离子分泌最相关的问题。我们首先考虑膜转运和转运蛋白功能的原理。然后，我们简要讨论用于电生理研究的前沿技术，如“膜片钳”和显微荧光测定法的应用。根据在天然组织和培养的肠道上皮细胞中的观察结果描述上皮细胞氯离子分泌模型。接下来，我们考虑参与膜转运系统调节和跨细胞氯离子分泌的细胞内信号级联反应。最后，对最新研究结果的临床意义进行了评论，重点关注治疗囊性纤维化和分泌性腹泻的潜在分子靶点。
