Horner A A, Ronaghy A, Cheng P M, Nguyen M D, Cho H J, Broide D, Raz E
Department of Medicine, and The Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Aging, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California, 92093-0663, USA.
Cell Immunol. 1998 Nov 25;190(1):77-82. doi: 10.1006/cimm.1998.1400.
Most proteins delivered to mucosal surfaces fail to induce mucosal or systemic immune responses. We demonstrate that a single intranasal (i.n.) coadministration of a model antigen (beta-galactosidase, beta-gal) with immunostimulatory sequence oligodeoxynucleotide (ISS-ODN) induces a mucosal IgA response equivalent to that induced by i.n. codelivery of beta-gal with cholera toxin (CT). Furthermore, i.n. and intradermal (i.d.) delivery of the beta-gal/ISS-ODN mix stimulates equivalent Th1-biased systemic immune responses with high-level cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity. In contrast, i.n. immunization with beta-gal and CT results in a Th2-biased systemic immune response with poor CTL activity. Our data show that i.n. delivery of ISS-ODN provides effective adjuvant activity for the induction of both mucosal and systemic Th1-biased immune responses. This immunization approach deserves consideration in the development of vaccines against mucosal pathogens.
