Peñalva M A, Rowlands R T, Turner G
Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
Trends Biotechnol. 1998 Nov;16(11):483-9. doi: 10.1016/s0167-7799(98)01229-3.
Penicillin production by Penicillium chrysogenum is not only commercially important but arguably the most intensively investigated secondary-metabolic pathway in fungi. Isolation of the structural genes encoding the three main penicillin-biosynthetic enzymes has stimulated the use of molecular approaches to optimize yield and permitted genetic analysis of current production strains, which are themselves the products of 50 years of strain and process improvement. Parallel studies on the penicillin-producing genetic model organism Aspergillus nidulans are now addressing questions about the genetic regulation of primary and secondary metabolism, the compartmentalization of biosynthesis and the excretion of the end products.
产黄青霉生产青霉素不仅在商业上很重要，而且可以说是真菌中研究最深入的次级代谢途径。编码三种主要青霉素生物合成酶的结构基因的分离，推动了利用分子方法来优化产量，并允许对当前生产菌株进行遗传分析，而这些菌株本身就是50年菌株和工艺改进的产物。目前，对产青霉素的遗传模式生物构巢曲霉的平行研究，正在解决有关初级和次级代谢的遗传调控、生物合成的区室化以及终产物排泄等问题。
