McNally R J, Metzger L J, Lasko N B, Clancy S A, Pitman R K
Department of Psychology, Harvard University.
J Abnorm Psychol. 1998 Nov;107(4):596-601. doi: 10.1037//0021-843x.107.4.596.
The authors used a directed-forgetting task to investigate whether psychiatrically impaired adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse exhibit an avoidant encoding style and impaired memory for trauma cues. The authors tested women with abuse histories, either with or without posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and women with neither abuse histories nor PTSD. The women saw intermixed trauma words (e.g., molested), positive words (e.g., confident), and categorized neutral words (e.g., mailbox) on a computer screen and were instructed either to remember or to forget each word. Relative to the other groups, the PTSD group did not exhibit recall deficits for trauma-related to-be-remembered words, nor did they recall fewer trauma-related to-be-forgotten words than other words. Instead, they exhibited recall deficits for positive and neutral words they were supposed to remember. These data are inconsistent with the hypothesis that impaired survivors exhibit avoidant encoding and impaired memory for traumatic information.
作者采用了一项定向遗忘任务，以研究童年期遭受性虐待且存在精神障碍的成年幸存者是否表现出回避性编码风格以及对创伤线索的记忆受损。作者测试了有虐待史（无论是否患有创伤后应激障碍[PTSD]）的女性，以及既无虐待史也无PTSD的女性。这些女性在电脑屏幕上看到混合呈现的创伤性词汇（如“被骚扰”）、积极词汇（如“自信”）以及分类的中性词汇（如“邮箱”），并被指示要么记住要么忘记每个单词。相对于其他组，PTSD组在与创伤相关的需记忆单词方面未表现出回忆缺陷，而且与其他单词相比，她们对与创伤相关的需遗忘单词的回忆也没有减少。相反，她们在本应记住的积极和中性单词方面表现出回忆缺陷。这些数据与受损幸存者表现出回避性编码以及对创伤性信息记忆受损这一假设不一致。
