Alonso L, Ortíz N, Ramírez I, Jasso F, DeSantiago S
Unidad de Investigación Médica en Nutrición, Hospital de Pediatría, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social.
Arch Latinoam Nutr. 1998 Jun;48(2):122-8.
Metabolizable energy (ME) and apparent nitrogen, fat and energy bioavailability from the habitual diet were measured in a group of lactating women from a Mexican rural community. Food intake was estimated in 40 women, age 24 +/- 3 y 3-5 m postpartum, body weight 48.7 +/- 5.4 kg and height 148 +/- 5 cm. Habitual diet was predominantly from vegetable sources based on maize (tortillas), beans, tomato, onion and chili. The daily intake was: 2224 +/- 336 kcal energy, 47.8 +/- 7.0 g protein, 44.7 +/- 11.3 fat and 408 +/- 70 g carbohydrates. Ten women were studied in balance conditions and consuming a controlled diet similar to their habitual diet. ME and apparent energy, nitrogen and fat availability were measured by metabolic balance. Milk output was measured by the test-weighing infant method and milk samples representative of 24-h were obtained for chemical analysis. Apparent digestibility of energy was 87 +/- 1.4%, from nitrogen 68.4 +/- 3.1% and 65.8 +/- 3.7 from fat. Measured ME was 1940 kcal/day. Metabolizable energy from the habitual diet by the marginally nourished lactating group was lower than the energy recommended allowance during lactation. Macronutrient's availability from the habitual diet was similar to that found in population with intake of predominantly vegetable diets and high dietary fiber content.
对墨西哥一个农村社区的一组哺乳期妇女测定了其日常饮食的可代谢能量（ME）以及表观氮、脂肪和能量生物利用率。对40名产后3 - 5个月、年龄24±3岁、体重48.7±5.4千克、身高148±5厘米的妇女的食物摄入量进行了估算。日常饮食主要来自以玉米（玉米饼）、豆类、番茄、洋葱和辣椒为基础的植物性食物。每日摄入量为：能量2224±336千卡、蛋白质47.8±7.0克、脂肪44.7±11.3克、碳水化合物408±70克。对10名妇女在平衡条件下食用与其日常饮食相似的对照饮食时进行了研究。通过代谢平衡测定了ME以及表观能量、氮和脂肪的利用率。采用婴儿称重测试法测量了乳汁分泌量，并采集了代表24小时的乳汁样本进行化学分析。能量的表观消化率为87±1.4%，氮为68.4±3.1%，脂肪为65.8±3.7%。测得的ME为1940千卡/天。营养状况处于边缘水平的哺乳期妇女日常饮食中的可代谢能量低于哺乳期推荐的能量摄入量。日常饮食中常量营养素的利用率与主要食用植物性饮食且膳食纤维含量高的人群相似。
