Waksmundzka-Hajnos M
Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Medical Academy, Lublin, Poland.
J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl. 1998 Oct 9;717(1-2):93-118. doi: 10.1016/s0378-4347(98)00257-6.
The purpose of this review is to present methods of chromatographic analysis of aromatic carboxylic acids. The separation, identification and quantitative analysis of aromatic carboxylic acids are necessary because of their importance as non-steroid antiphlogistic drugs, semi-products of biosynthesis of aromatic amino-acids in plants (phenolic acids), metabolites of numerous toxic substances, drugs and catecholamines. HPLC separation of ionic samples tends to be more complicated than separation of non-ionic compounds. The review describes the dependence of the retention of ionic solutes on pH and solvent composition as well as on the ionic strength of a mobile phase. The application of the ion-suppressing RP-HPLC method using organic modifiers (aqueous buffer solutions) as eluents in aromatic carboxylic acid analysis is also presented. In more difficult cases of analysis the addition of an ion-pairing reagent, such as the quaternary alkylammonium ion, is necessary to obtain satisfactory separations. Hypotheses of ion-pair formation in reversed-phase systems as well as the influence of various agents on the separation of ionic solutes in IP-RP systems are explained. Examples of the application of ion-pair liquid chromatography to the analysis of aromatic carboxylic acids have also been reviewed. The principles and application of ion-exchange chromatography to the purification, isolation and less frequently, to chromatographic analysis are discussed. Polar adsorbents and polar bonded stationary phases are also widely used in carboxylic acid separation in normal-phase systems, mainly by TLC, often coupled with densitometry. The review also shows examples of separation of chiral benzoic acids and their derivatives in LC systems. The possibilities of application of gas chromatography preceded by derivatisation or pyrolysis of acidic compounds and applications of GC-MS and Py-GC-MS coupled methods in identification and quantitation of aromatic carboxylic acids is also reviewed.
本综述的目的是介绍芳香族羧酸的色谱分析方法。由于芳香族羧酸作为非甾体抗炎药、植物中芳香族氨基酸生物合成的半成品（酚酸）、众多有毒物质的代谢产物、药物和儿茶酚胺具有重要意义，因此对其进行分离、鉴定和定量分析是必要的。离子型样品的高效液相色谱分离往往比非离子型化合物的分离更为复杂。该综述描述了离子型溶质的保留对pH、溶剂组成以及流动相离子强度的依赖性。还介绍了在芳香族羧酸分析中使用有机改性剂（水性缓冲溶液）作为洗脱剂的离子抑制反相高效液相色谱法的应用。在更困难的分析情况下，需要添加离子对试剂（如季铵离子）以获得满意的分离效果。解释了反相系统中离子对形成的假设以及各种试剂对离子对反相系统中离子型溶质分离的影响。还综述了离子对液相色谱在芳香族羧酸分析中的应用实例。讨论了离子交换色谱在纯化、分离以及较少用于色谱分析方面的原理和应用。极性吸附剂和极性键合固定相也广泛用于正相系统中的羧酸分离，主要是通过薄层色谱法，通常与光密度测定法联用。该综述还展示了在液相色谱系统中手性苯甲酸及其衍生物的分离实例。还综述了在酸性化合物衍生化或热解之前应用气相色谱以及气相色谱 - 质谱联用和热解气相色谱 - 质谱联用方法在芳香族羧酸鉴定和定量中的可能性。
