Court C, Stromboni M, Nordin J Y
Service de chirurgie orthopédique, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre.
Rev Prat. 1998 Oct 15;48(16):1787-92.
In the adult, fractures of the knee are joint fractures. The knee is a weight-bearing joint, and its mobility and stability must be recovered quickly for good functional recuperation. Aside from X-ray investigations, the initial examinations seek vascular, nerve and cutaneous lesions. The existence of a bruise or a cutaneous break decides the therapeutic choice and timing. Fractures of the lower extremity of the femur (sub-, inter-, supra- or unicondyle) most often require open surgery for better restitution of the joint surfaces; for fractures of the tibial plate, whether uni-, spino- or bituberous, a graft must be associated in case of crushing fracture. Fractures of the patella require surgery in case of rupture of the extensor.
在成年人中,膝关节骨折属于关节骨折。膝关节是一个负重关节,为了实现良好的功能恢复,必须迅速恢复其活动度和稳定性。除了X线检查外,初始检查还要排查血管、神经和皮肤损伤。是否存在瘀伤或皮肤破损决定了治疗方案的选择和时机。股骨下端骨折(髁下、髁间、髁上或单髁骨折)大多需要进行切开手术,以便更好地恢复关节面;对于胫骨平台骨折,无论是单髁、棘突或双结节骨折,粉碎性骨折时必须进行植骨。髌骨骨折若伸肌断裂则需要手术治疗。