Trexler J D, Apperson C S, Schal C
Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695-7647, USA.
J Med Entomol. 1998 Nov;35(6):967-76. doi: 10.1093/jmedent/35.6.967.
Organic infusions created by fermenting white oak (Quercus alba L.) leaves in water were evaluated as sources of attractant odorants and contact oviposition stimulants for gravid Aedes albopictus (Skuse) and Aedes triseriatus (Say). Infusions were bioassayed in the laboratory by giving single females a choice of ovipositing in 1 container with infusion and 7 containers with water. Ae. albopictus laid significantly more eggs in containers with infusion, regardless of concentration (dilutions ranging from 10 to 100%) or age (fermentation periods of 7, 28, 60 d), than in containers holding water. The largest proportion of eggs (76.8%) was deposited in response to a 60% concentration of 7-d-old infusion. In contrast, Ae. triseriatus exhibited variable oviposition responses but generally deposited the largest number of eggs in only a few concentrations of older age infusions. In binary "sticky screen" bioassays, there was no difference between the numbers of females attracted to infusion or water, indicating that oviposition responses to infusion were mediated by contact chemostimulants rather than by attraction to odorants. Oviposition responses to infusions by field populations of Ae. albopictus and Ae. triseriatus in Raleigh, NC, were evaluated with pairs of oviposition traps, one containing infusion and the other containing water. Generally, Ae. albopictus laid significantly more eggs in ovitraps containing infusion regardless of its age (7, 28, and 60 d old) or the mass of leaves fermented (126 g = 1x or 504 g = 4x) than in water. In contrast, Ae. triseriatus deposited an equivalent number of eggs in traps containing water or 1x, 80% infusion regardless of its age; however, the oviposition response to ovitraps containing 4x, 7-d-old, 50% infusion was significant. Placement of an automobile tire behind an ovitrap did not increase the number of Ae. albopictus eggs laid in ovitraps containing 4x, 7-d-old, 50% infusion or water relative to ovitraps without a tire. Our research indicates that baiting ovitraps with oak leaf infusion would increase the sensitivity of surveillance efforts for Ae. albopictus and Ae. triseriatus.
通过在水中发酵白橡树（Quercus alba L.）叶片制成的有机浸液，被评估为致倦白纹伊蚊（Skuse）和三带喙库蚊（Say）的引诱性气味源及接触性产卵刺激物。在实验室中，通过让单只雌蚊在1个装有浸液的容器和7个装有水的容器中进行产卵选择，对浸液进行生物测定。无论浓度（稀释范围为10%至100%）或年龄（发酵期为7、28、60天）如何，白纹伊蚊在装有浸液的容器中产卵的数量都显著多于装有水的容器。最大比例的卵（76.8%）是对7日龄浸液的60%浓度作出的反应而产下的。相比之下，三带喙库蚊表现出不同的产卵反应，但通常仅在少数几种较老龄浸液浓度下产下最多数量的卵。在二元“粘性筛网”生物测定中，被浸液吸引的雌蚊数量与被水吸引的雌蚊数量之间没有差异，这表明对浸液的产卵反应是由接触性化学刺激物介导的，而非对气味的吸引。在北卡罗来纳州罗利市，用成对的产卵诱捕器评估了白纹伊蚊和三带喙库蚊野外种群对浸液的产卵反应，其中一个诱捕器装有浸液，另一个装有水。一般来说，无论浸液的年龄（7、28和60日龄）或发酵叶片的质量（126克 = 1倍或504克 = 4倍）如何，白纹伊蚊在装有浸液的诱捕器中产卵的数量都显著多于在水中产卵的数量。相比之下，三带喙库蚊在装有水或1倍、80%浸液的诱捕器中产卵数量相当，无论其年龄如何；然而，对装有4倍、7日龄、50%浸液的诱捕器的产卵反应是显著的。在产卵诱捕器后面放置一个汽车轮胎，相对于没有轮胎的诱捕器，并没有增加在装有4倍、7日龄、50%浸液或水的诱捕器中白纹伊蚊产下的卵的数量。我们的研究表明，用橡树叶浸液诱捕产卵诱捕器将提高对白纹伊蚊和三带喙库蚊监测工作的敏感性。
