Konstantinov A I, Makarov A K, Sokolov B V, Sanotskaia N N
Zh Evol Biokhim Fiziol. 1976 Sep-Oct;12(5):466-72.
During the flight, the greater horse-shoe bat R. ferrumequinum decreases the frequency in the medial part of the emmited signal in proportion to the relative target--bat velocity. The value of the decrease is approximately equal to the Doppler shift; as a result, the animal picks up the echo at its species specific frequency irrespectively of the flight velocity. Threshold curve of bat's auditory system plotted in terms of N4, exhibits a sharp turning peak with a slope of about 83 dB/kHz towards low frequencies. The species specific frequency lies between the frequencies corresponding to the highest and the lowest thresholds. The described peculiarities of emission and perception of signals allow to consider the orientation system in the bat as a Doppler compensating system which provides the effective detection and discrimination of moving targets (e.g., a prey), improves spatial characteristics of hearing and enables the animal to evaluate the velocity during approaching the target.
在飞行过程中，大马蹄蝠（R. ferrumequinum）会根据相对目标——蝙蝠的速度，按比例降低所发射信号内侧部分的频率。降低的值大约等于多普勒频移；因此，无论飞行速度如何，该动物都能以其物种特定频率接收到回声。以N4绘制的蝙蝠听觉系统阈值曲线，在低频方向呈现出一个斜率约为83 dB/kHz的尖锐转折峰值。物种特定频率位于对应最高和最低阈值的频率之间。信号发射和感知的上述特性使得蝙蝠的定向系统可被视为一种多普勒补偿系统，该系统能有效检测和辨别移动目标（如猎物），改善听觉的空间特性，并使动物能够在接近目标时评估速度。
