Tracheal intubation without neuromuscular blockade in children: a comparison of propofol combined either with alfentanil or remifentanil.

Forty healthy children, aged between two and 12 years of age undergoing elective surgery where the anaesthetic technique involved tracheal intubation followed by spontaneous ventilation were studied. Induction of anaesthesia was with either alfentanil 15 micrograms.kg-1 or remifentanil 1 microgram.kg-1 followed by propofol 4 mg.kg-1 to which lignocaine 0.2 mg.kg-1 had been added. Intubating conditions were graded on a four point scale for ease of laryngoscopy, vocal cord position, degree of coughing, jaw relaxation and limb movement. All children were successfully intubated at the first attempt. There were no significant differences in the assessments of intubating conditions between the two groups. Arterial blood pressure and heart changes were similar in the two groups with both alfentanil and remifentanil attenuating the haemodynamic response to tracheal intubation. The time taken to resumption of spontaneous ventilation was similar in both groups.