Sattler N, Fecteau G, Girard C, Couture Y
Départment de sciences clinique, Université de Montréal, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Province de Québec, Canada.
Vet Rec. 1998 Oct 31;143(18):503-7. doi: 10.1136/vr.143.18.503.
The records of 14 cases of bovine hypokalaemia observed between 1983 and 1996 were reviewed. The most common history included a protracted, often infectious, disease. All age groups were represented. Although previously reported as a risk factor, isoflupredone acetate had not been administered to five of the cases. The following clinical signs were recorded in 10 cases: abnormal position of the head and neck, severe weakness, rumen hypomotility or atony, abnormal faeces, anorexia and tachycardia. Cardiac dysrhythmia was observed in six cases. Acid-base imbalance (alkalosis in 10 cases), hyperglycaemia and increased activities of aspartate aminotransferase and creatine kinase were associated with hypokalaemia ranging from 1.35 to 2.49 mmol/litre. Treatments included symptomatic treatment, supportive care and potassium chloride given intravenously and orally at an average total daily dose of 42 g/100 kg bodyweight (26 g by mouth and 16 g intravenously) for an average of five days. Eleven cases recovered after an average of three days.
回顾了1983年至1996年间观察到的14例牛低钾血症病例记录。最常见的病史包括一种迁延性疾病，通常为感染性疾病。各年龄组均有病例。尽管醋酸异氟泼尼龙以前被报道为一个风险因素，但其中5例并未使用过该药。10例记录有以下临床症状：头颈位置异常、严重虚弱、瘤胃蠕动减弱或麻痹、粪便异常、厌食和心动过速。6例观察到心律失常。酸碱失衡（10例为碱中毒）、高血糖以及天冬氨酸转氨酶和肌酸激酶活性增加与血钾浓度在1.35至2.49毫摩尔/升之间的低钾血症相关。治疗包括对症治疗、支持性护理以及静脉和口服氯化钾，平均每日总剂量为42克/100千克体重（口服26克，静脉注射16克），平均治疗5天。11例平均3天后康复。
