道路交通事故中儿童创伤后应激障碍的前瞻性研究。
Prospective study of post-traumatic stress disorder in children involved in road traffic accidents.
作者信息
Stallard P, Velleman R, Baldwin S
机构信息
Department of Child and Family Psychiatry, Bath Mental Health Care Trust, Royal United Hospital, Bath BA1 3NG.
出版信息
BMJ. 1998 Dec 12;317(7173):1619-23. doi: 10.1136/bmj.317.7173.1619.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the prevalence of severe psychological trauma --that is, post-traumatic stress disorder--in children involved in everyday road traffic accidents.
DESIGN
12 month prospective study.
SETTING
Accident and emergency department, Royal United Hospital, Bath.
SUBJECTS
119 children aged 5-18 years involved in road traffic accidents and 66 children who sustained sports injuries.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE
Presence of appreciable psychological distress; fulfillment of diagnostic criteria for post-traumatic stress disorder.
RESULTS
Post-traumatic stress disorder was found in 41 (34.5%) children involved in road traffic accidents but only two (3.0%) who sustained sports injuries. The presence of post-traumatic stress disorder was not related to the type of accident, age of the child, or the nature of injuries but was significantly associated with sex, previous experience of trauma, and subjective appraisal of threat to life. None of the children had received any psychological help at the time of assessment.
CONCLUSIONS
One in three children involved in road traffic accidents was found to suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder when they were assessed 6 weeks after their accident. The psychological needs of such children after such accidents remain largely unrecognised.
目的
确定日常道路交通事故中儿童严重心理创伤（即创伤后应激障碍）的患病率。
设计
为期12个月的前瞻性研究。
地点
巴斯皇家联合医院急诊科。
研究对象
119名5至18岁道路交通事故儿童和66名运动损伤儿童。
主要观察指标
明显的心理困扰；创伤后应激障碍诊断标准的满足情况。
结果
在道路交通事故儿童中，41名（34.5%）患有创伤后应激障碍，而运动损伤儿童中只有2名（3.0%）患病。创伤后应激障碍的存在与事故类型、儿童年龄或损伤性质无关，但与性别、既往创伤经历以及对生命威胁的主观评估显著相关。在评估时，没有一个儿童接受过任何心理帮助。
结论
在事故发生6周后进行评估时，发现三分之一的道路交通事故儿童患有创伤后应激障碍。此类事故后这些儿童的心理需求在很大程度上仍未得到认识。
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