Culley F
Department of Post Registration Nursing, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, Herts.
Br J Nurs. 1998;7(15):879-82, 884, 886. doi: 10.12968/bjon.1998.7.15.5629.
Pressure sores remain a significant problem in hospitals and domestic settings, affecting people of all ages, social class and race. Associated complications may be life threatening, e.g. sepsis and osteomyelitis. Other less dangerous, but nevertheless compromising outcomes such as pain, discomfort and low self-esteem and body image can cause personal suffering, and may add extra demand for limited resources. The exact state of pressure sore occurrence remains difficult to determine, particularly in the community. Recent trends in pressure area management present a multidisciplinary approach, eroding traditional perceptions of pressure sores as a solely nursing problem. Written from nursing perspective, this article summarizes principles of good practice relating to pressure sore prevention and therapy, emphasizing the importance of documenting observed events, rather than assumptions or opinions, and the need for healthcare professionals to approach problems and needs from a collaborative stance. Pressure sore risk assessment and classification are discussed, and an overview of nutrition, moving a handling, selecting support surfaces, principles of wound management, and skin care are considered.
压疮在医院和家庭环境中仍然是一个重大问题，影响着所有年龄段、社会阶层和种族的人群。相关并发症可能危及生命，如败血症和骨髓炎。其他不太危险但仍会造成不良后果的情况，如疼痛、不适以及自卑和身体形象问题，会给患者带来个人痛苦，还可能增加对有限资源的额外需求。压疮发生的确切情况仍然难以确定，尤其是在社区环境中。压力区域管理的最新趋势呈现出一种多学科方法，改变了以往认为压疮只是护理问题的传统观念。本文从护理角度撰写，总结了与压疮预防和治疗相关的良好实践原则，强调记录观察到的事件而非假设或观点的重要性，以及医疗保健专业人员以协作姿态处理问题和需求的必要性。文中讨论了压疮风险评估和分类，并概述了营养、移动与搬运、选择支撑面、伤口管理原则以及皮肤护理等方面。
