Baloh R W
Department of Neurology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1769, USA.
Lancet. 1998 Dec 5;352(9143):1841-6. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(98)05430-0.
Vertigo is a subtype of dizziness, which results from an imbalance within the vestibular system. This seminar focuses on three common presentations of vertigo: prolonged spontaneous vertigo, recurrent attacks of vertigo, and positional vertigo. The patient's history is usually the key to differentiation of peripheral and central causes of vertigo. The most common cause of vertigo, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, can be cured with a simple positional manoeuvre. Other common causes of vertigo include vestibular neuritis, Ménière's syndrome, migraine, and vertebrobasilar insufficiency. Treatment should be directed at the underlying cause whenever possible, but antivertiginous and antiemetic drugs can suppress symptoms when a specific cause cannot be found. These drugs are generally not indicated for long-term daily use, however, since they may interfere with the normal compensation process.
眩晕是头晕的一种亚型，由前庭系统失衡引起。本次研讨会聚焦于眩晕的三种常见表现：持续性自发性眩晕、复发性眩晕发作和位置性眩晕。患者的病史通常是区分眩晕外周性和中枢性病因的关键。眩晕最常见的病因——良性阵发性位置性眩晕，可通过简单的体位操作治愈。眩晕的其他常见病因包括前庭神经炎、梅尼埃综合征、偏头痛和椎基底动脉供血不足。只要有可能，治疗应针对潜在病因，但当找不到特定病因时，抗眩晕和止吐药物可抑制症状。然而，这些药物一般不建议长期每日使用，因为它们可能干扰正常的代偿过程。
