Reis D J, Regunathan S
Division of Neurobiology, Cornell University Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA.
J Auton Nerv Syst. 1998 Oct 15;72(2-3):80-5. doi: 10.1016/s0165-1838(98)00091-5.
Agmatine, which in other life forms serves as a metabolic intermediate for polyamine biosynthesis, appears to have properties in mammals consistent with its actions as a neurotransmitter/neuromodulator. Thus, agmatine is synthesized unequally in brain by arginine decarboxylase (ADC); is stored in neurons and axon terminals with a heterogeneous distribution; is released from synaptosomes by depolarization; is enzymatically converted by agmatinase to putrescine; interacts not only with alpha2-adrenergic and I-receptors in the CNS, but also may selectively block NMDA receptor channels; and, when administered centrally, has several potent biological actions. Clarification of its role in normal brain function, however, has not yet been fully established, in part because of the absence of agents that selectively affect its biosynthesis or degradation.
胍丁胺在其他生命形式中作为多胺生物合成的代谢中间体，在哺乳动物中似乎具有与其作为神经递质/神经调节剂的作用相一致的特性。因此，胍丁胺由精氨酸脱羧酶（ADC）在大脑中不均匀地合成；以异质性分布存储于神经元和轴突终末；通过去极化从突触体释放；被胍丁胺酶酶促转化为腐胺；不仅与中枢神经系统中的α2-肾上腺素能受体和I-受体相互作用，还可能选择性地阻断NMDA受体通道；并且，当经中枢给药时，具有多种强效生物学作用。然而，其在正常脑功能中的作用尚未完全明确，部分原因是缺乏选择性影响其生物合成或降解的试剂。
