Tarduno JA, Brinkman DB, Renne PR, Cottrell RD, Scher H, Castillo P
J. A. Tarduno, R. D. Cottrell, H. Scher, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA. D. B. Brinkman, Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology, Drumheller, Alberta, TOJ OYO, Canada. P. R. Re.
Science. 1998 Dec 18;282(5397):2241-4. doi: 10.1126/science.282.5397.2241.
A Late Cretaceous (92 to 86 million years ago) vertebrate assemblage from the high Canadian Arctic (Axel Heiberg Island) implies that polar climates were warm (mean annual temperature exceeding 14 degreesC) rather than near freezing. The assemblage includes large (2.4 meters long) champsosaurs, which are extinct crocodilelike reptiles. Magmatism at six large igneous provinces at this time suggests that volcanic carbon dioxide emissions helped cause the global warmth.
来自加拿大北极地区（阿克塞尔·海伯格岛）的一个晚白垩世（9200万至8600万年前）脊椎动物群落表明，极地气候曾经温暖（年平均温度超过14摄氏度）而非接近冰点。该群落包括大型（2.4米长）的恐头龙，这是一种已灭绝的类似鳄鱼的爬行动物。此时六个大型火成岩省的岩浆活动表明，火山释放的二氧化碳导致了全球变暖。
