Laitinen J, Ranta R, Pulkkinen J, Haapanen M L
Cleft Centre, Department of Plastic Surgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland.
Acta Odontol Scand. 1998 Oct;56(5):308-12. doi: 10.1080/000163598428509.
The aim of this study was to examine whether maxillary and mandibular dental arch width, length, and palatal height dimensions are associated with the occurrence of misarticulations (phonetic or phonologic errors) in the dental consonants /r/, /s/, and /1/ in different cleft types and sexes. The subjects were 263 (109 girls, 154 boys) 6-year-old Finnish-speaking non-syndromic children with isolated cleft palate (CP, n=79), deft lip/alveolus (CL(A), n=77), unilateral (UCLP, n=80), and bilateral (BCLP, n=27) cleft lip and palate. Dental plaster casts were measured by two authors using the technique of Moorrees, and auditive speech was analyzed with high reliability by two speech pathologists. The results showed that the occurrence of misarticulations increased and dental arch dimensions decreased with the severity of the cleft. Narrower and shorter maxillary arches as well as shallower palates were related to problems with the studied dental consonants. Mandibular arch dimensions were not related to the misarticulations. However, statistical analysis did not reveal significant differences in dental arch dimensions between subjects with and without misarticulations when they were compared separately for different cleft types. The etiology of clefting per se--isolated deft palate versus cleft lip with or without deft palate--did not seem to explain the associations between dental arch dimensions and the studied misarticulations.
本研究的目的是探讨上颌和下颌牙弓宽度、长度以及腭部高度尺寸是否与不同腭裂类型和性别的儿童在发齿音/r/、/s/和/1/时出现的发音错误（语音或音系错误）有关。研究对象为263名6岁讲芬兰语的非综合征儿童（109名女孩，154名男孩），他们分别患有单纯腭裂（CP，n = 79）、唇/牙槽突裂（CL(A)，n = 77）、单侧唇腭裂（UCLP，n = 80）和双侧唇腭裂（BCLP，n = 27）。两名研究者使用穆里斯技术对石膏牙模进行测量，两名言语病理学家以高可靠性对听觉语音进行分析。结果显示，发音错误的发生率随腭裂严重程度增加而上升，牙弓尺寸则减小。较窄较短的上颌牙弓以及较浅的腭部与所研究的齿音发音问题有关。下颌牙弓尺寸与发音错误无关。然而，在按不同腭裂类型分别比较有发音错误和无发音错误的受试者时，统计分析未显示牙弓尺寸存在显著差异。腭裂本身的病因——单纯腭裂与伴或不伴腭裂的唇裂——似乎无法解释牙弓尺寸与所研究的发音错误之间的关联。
