Fyer A J
Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, USA.
Biol Psychiatry. 1998 Dec 15;44(12):1295-304. doi: 10.1016/s0006-3223(98)00274-1.
Specific phobia is a common, heterogeneous disorder whose central feature is persistent, unreasonable fear of a circumscribed object or situation. This article reviews current etiological theories and empirical data that seem likely to be important in investigating the pathophysiology of this disorder. These include conditioning, modified conditioning, and nonassociative models of phobia development, physiological response to the phobic stimulus, neuroimaging, primate, and biological challenge studies. Pathophysiological hypotheses suggested by recent research on the neurocircuitry of conditioned fear are also discussed. Though specific phobias have been of less public health and clinical interest than other anxiety disorders, their circumscribed nature and possible relationship to conditioned fear may make them a productive subject for research into basic pathophysiology.
特定恐惧症是一种常见的异质性疾病，其核心特征是对特定的物体或情境存在持续、不合理的恐惧。本文综述了当前病因学理论及实证数据，这些理论和数据在探究该疾病的病理生理学过程中可能具有重要意义。其中包括恐惧症形成的条件作用、修正条件作用和非联想模型、对恐惧刺激的生理反应、神经影像学、灵长类动物及生物学激发研究。本文还讨论了近期关于条件性恐惧神经回路的研究所提出的病理生理学假说。尽管与其他焦虑症相比，特定恐惧症在公共卫生和临床方面受到的关注较少，但其特定的性质以及与条件性恐惧的可能关系，或许使其成为基础病理生理学研究的一个有价值的课题。
