Schmid A, Huonker M, Stober P, Barturen J M, Schmidt-Trucksäss A, Dürr H, Völpel H J, Keul J
Department of Preventive and Rehabilitative Sports Medicine, the Center for Internal Medicine, the University of Freiburg, Germany.
Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 1998 Nov-Dec;77(6):527-33. doi: 10.1097/00002060-199811000-00015.
Spinal cord injury leads to a pronounced reduction of cardiovascular, pulmonary, and metabolic ability. Physical activity, up to and including high-performance sports, has obtained importance in the course of rehabilitation and the postclinical phase. Thirteen elite female wheelchair basketball players from the German National Basketball Team and 10 female sedentary spinal cord-injured persons were examined in the study. Heart volume was measured by an echocardiography. All subjects underwent a graded exercise test on a wheelchair ergometer. Additionally, heart rate, lactate, and player points were measured during a competitive basketball game in wheelchair basketball players. Cardiac dimensions were larger for spinal cord-injured wheelchair basketball players (620.3 ml; 9.6 ml x kg(-1)) in comparison with spinal cord-injured persons (477.4 ml; 8.2 ml x kg(-1)) but did not exceed the heart volume of untrained nonhandicapped persons. In contrast, athletes with amputations or those having had poliomyelitis reached training-induced cardiac hypertrophy in relation to body mass (713.7 ml; 13.2 ml x kg(-1)), as observed in nonhandicapped athletes. During graded wheelchair ergometry, wheelchair basketball players showed a higher maximal work rate (59.9 v 45.5 W), maximal oxygen consumption (33.7 v 18.3 ml x min(-1) x kg(-1)), and maximal lactate (9.1 v 5.47 mmol x l(-1)) without a difference in maximal heart rate and workload at AT4 than did spinal cord-injured persons. The average heart rate during the wheelchair basketball game was 151 x min(-1), and the lactate concentration was 1.92 mmol x l(-1). Female athletes with a less severe handicap and higher maximal oxygen consumption during the graded exercise test reached a higher game level in the evaluation. During the competitive basketball game, high cardiovascular stress was observed, indicating a fast aerobic metabolism; the anaerobic lactic acid capacity played a subordinate role. Wheelchair basketball is an effective and suitable sport to enhance physical performance and to induce positive physiological adaptations.
脊髓损伤会导致心血管、肺部和代谢能力显著下降。体育活动，直至包括高性能运动，在康复过程和临床后期变得愈发重要。本研究对13名来自德国国家篮球队的精英女子轮椅篮球运动员和10名久坐不动的脊髓损伤女性进行了检查。通过超声心动图测量心脏容积。所有受试者在轮椅测力计上进行了分级运动测试。此外，还测量了轮椅篮球运动员在一场竞技篮球比赛中的心率、乳酸和运动员得分。与脊髓损伤者（477.4毫升；8.2毫升×千克⁻¹）相比，脊髓损伤的轮椅篮球运动员的心脏尺寸更大（620.3毫升；9.6毫升×千克⁻¹），但未超过未经训练的非残疾者的心脏容积。相比之下，截肢运动员或患有小儿麻痹症的运动员相对于体重达到了训练诱导的心脏肥大（713.7毫升；13.2毫升×千克⁻¹），这与非残疾运动员的情况相同。在分级轮椅测力计测试中，轮椅篮球运动员表现出更高的最大工作率（59.9对45.5瓦）、最大耗氧量（33.7对18.3毫升×分钟⁻¹×千克⁻¹）和最大乳酸值（9.1对5.47毫摩尔×升⁻¹），而在无氧阈4时的最大心率和工作量与脊髓损伤者相比没有差异。轮椅篮球比赛期间的平均心率为151次/分钟，乳酸浓度为1.92毫摩尔/升。在分级运动测试中残疾程度较轻且最大耗氧量较高的女运动员在评估中达到了更高的比赛水平。在竞技篮球比赛中，观察到较高的心血管压力，表明有氧代谢迅速；无氧乳酸能力起次要作用。轮椅篮球是一项有效且合适的运动，可提高身体机能并诱导积极的生理适应。
