Müllerová D, Aujezdská A, Stozický F, Solc J, Bäumeltová M, Velemínský J, Lukásová V, Richterová S
Ustav hygieny LF UK Plzen.
Cas Lek Cesk. 1998 Oct 19;137(20):624-7.
Health care of nursing mothers and their infants is an important priority of primary preventive care. The mother's diet plays an important role in this respect. The objective of the presented investigation was to assess the adequacy of the dietary intake of lactating mothers during the sixth month after delivery.
Data on the education, body weight, height of the mother, dietary intake, evaluated from a three-day dietary record, were collected from 131 nursing mothers and compared with the Czech recommended dietary allowances for nursing mothers as well as with data from 265 controls, i.e. women who did no longer breastfeed their babies. From the results ensues a significantly higher calcium intake (937 mg; SD = 415, p < 0.001), vitamin B1 (1.1 mg, SD = 0.5, p < 0.001), total energy (8.7 MJ, SD = 2.6, p < 0.01), protein 75.4 g, SD = 18, p < 0.01), carbohydrates (281 g, SD = 112, p < 0.01) and riboflavin (1.3 mg, SD = 0.5, p < 0.01) in nursing women as compared with those not nursing. The nursing mothers, however, do not meet the Czech recommended dietary allowances as regards total energy, calcium, vitamin C, linoleic acid, vegetable proteins and iron. Other problematic nutrients-magnesium, zinc, folates, pyridoxine, selenium and iodine could not be assessed as they are not listed in the Czech food composition tables. In women with university education the energy and nutrient intake was in the majority more favourable than in women with elementary education. On the other hand no statistical differences were found in weight increments during the period from the beginning of gestation to the sixth month after delivery between nursing and not nursing mothers.
The results of analysis of the dietary intake of nursing mothers indicate that the Czech recommended allowances are not met as regards energy, calcium, linoleic acid, protein and iron. Whether the intake is really inadequate or whether the recommended allowances are excessive remains an open question.
哺乳期母亲及其婴儿的医疗保健是初级预防保健的重要优先事项。母亲的饮食在这方面起着重要作用。本研究的目的是评估产后第六个月哺乳期母亲的饮食摄入量是否充足。
从131名哺乳期母亲那里收集了有关其教育程度、体重、身高以及通过三天饮食记录评估的饮食摄入量的数据，并与捷克共和国推荐的哺乳期母亲膳食摄入量标准进行比较，同时也与265名对照者（即不再母乳喂养婴儿的女性）的数据进行了比较。结果显示，与非哺乳期女性相比，哺乳期女性的钙摄入量（937毫克；标准差=415，p<0.001）、维生素B1（1.1毫克，标准差=0.5，p<0.001）、总能量（8.7兆焦，标准差=2.6，p<0.01）、蛋白质（75.4克，标准差=18，p<0.01）、碳水化合物（281克，标准差=112，p<0.01）和核黄素（1.3毫克，标准差=0.5，p<0.01）显著更高。然而，哺乳期母亲在总能量、钙、维生素C、亚油酸、植物蛋白和铁方面未达到捷克共和国推荐的膳食摄入量标准。其他有问题的营养素——镁、锌、叶酸、吡哆醇、硒和碘，由于未列入捷克食物成分表而无法评估。受过大学教育的女性的能量和营养素摄入量大多比受过小学教育的女性更理想。另一方面，在从妊娠开始到产后第六个月期间，哺乳期母亲和非哺乳期母亲的体重增加没有统计学差异。
哺乳期母亲饮食摄入量分析结果表明，在能量、钙、亚油酸、蛋白质和铁方面未达到捷克共和国推荐的摄入量标准。摄入量是否真的不足，或者推荐的摄入量是否过高，仍然是一个悬而未决的问题。
