Nair K M, Brahmam G N, Ranganathan S, Vijayaraghavan K, Sivakumar B, Krishnaswamy K
National Institute of Nutrition (ICMR), Hyderabad.
Indian J Med Res. 1998 Nov;108:203-11.
As a novel approach to tackle the problems of iron deficiency anaemia and iodine deficiency disorders (IDDs), which often coexist, the National Institute of Nutrition has developed iron and iodine fortified common salt (double fortified salt-DFS) as a public health measure. This salt has undergone a battery of laboratory and field tests to evaluate its feasibility for use in a national programme. The DFS is designed to provide 1 mg of iron and 15 micrograms of iodine per gram of common salt. This was made possible by the inclusion of a polyphosphate stabilizer, sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) at 1 per cent level. The stability of iron and iodine was found to be good up to 6 months. However, the stability of iodine depended upon the quality of the salt used for fortification. The biological effects of long-term consumption of DFS were evaluated in experimental rats and in field trials. Both iron and iodine from the salt were found to be biologically available in regenerating haemoglobin and in increasing excretion of iodine in urine. When this salt was tested in tribal villages endemic for goitre and iron deficiency anaemia, the bioresponse was good with regard to the iodine status but was not uniform in all segments with regard to iron, probably due to confounding variables. In a study carried out in residential school children where such variables did not exist, DFS was found to have significant impact on haemoglobin status in anaemic children and improved their urinary iodine excretion. The consumption of DFS for 2 yr did not have any adverse effects in school children as well as in the tribal population. Parameters related to calcium homeostasis were not altered in children receiving DFS. Histopathological examination of tissues and radiological examination of bone did not reveal any abnormality in DFS fed rats. Similarly serum and urinary parameters related to calcium and phosphorus were not altered in DFS fed rats. Therefore, DFS is presented as a feasible and effective strategy to control the double deficiency of iron and iodine in our community.
作为解决缺铁性贫血和碘缺乏症（这两种疾病常常同时存在）问题的一种新方法，国家营养研究所开发了铁碘强化食用盐（双重强化盐-DFS）作为一项公共卫生措施。这种盐已经经过了一系列实验室和现场测试，以评估其在全国性项目中使用的可行性。DFS的设计目标是每克食用盐提供1毫克铁和15微克碘。这通过添加1%水平的多磷酸盐稳定剂六偏磷酸钠（SHMP）得以实现。铁和碘的稳定性在长达6个月的时间内都表现良好。然而，碘的稳定性取决于用于强化的盐的质量。通过实验大鼠和现场试验评估了长期食用DFS的生物学效应。盐中的铁和碘在再生血红蛋白以及增加尿碘排泄方面都具有生物可利用性。当这种盐在甲状腺肿和缺铁性贫血流行的部落村庄进行测试时，在碘状况方面生物反应良好，但在铁方面并非在所有人群中都一致，这可能是由于混杂变量导致的。在一项针对不存在此类变量的寄宿学校儿童开展的研究中，发现DFS对贫血儿童的血红蛋白状况有显著影响，并改善了他们的尿碘排泄。食用DFS两年对学龄儿童和部落人群均未产生任何不良影响。接受DFS的儿童中与钙稳态相关的参数未发生改变。对DFS喂养的大鼠进行组织病理学检查和骨骼放射学检查未发现任何异常。同样，DFS喂养的大鼠中与钙和磷相关的血清及尿液参数也未发生改变。因此，DFS是一种控制我国社区铁碘双重缺乏的可行且有效的策略。
