Ziangirova G G, Antonova O V, Kasparov A A
Vestn Oftalmol. 1998 Sep-Oct;114(5):48-51.
The aim of this study was assessment of the role of mast cells in inflammatory processes associated with keratoconus and corneal epithelial-endothelial dystrophy and clinical assessment of Lecrolin, a specially designed dosage form (eye drops) of potassium cromoglycate (intal) used as an antiallergic drug in asthma, rhinitis, etc. Examinations of 43 biopsy specimens of the conjunctiva from patients with keratoconus and epithelial-endothelial corneal dystrophy demonstrated the significance of immune inflammation in the pathogenesis of these diseases. Mast cells are a typical cell element participating in inflammation at all stages. The count of mast cells increases from 2.5 during the acute stage to 8.86 during the chronic stage, which is explained by absence of the leukocytic stage and proteolysis and stabilization of mature labrocyte degranulation associated with it. Reactions of mast cells with lymphocytes and monocytes/macrophages lead to proliferation of fibroblasts and chronic development of collagen formation. Close relationships between microvessels and mast cells promote stable spasms of the vessels, impairing the microcirculatory bed and leading to ischemia of the anterior segment of the eye. In such cases sodium cromolyne drugs (lecrolin) inhibiting histamine release and stabilizing mast cell membranes are recommended.
本研究的目的是评估肥大细胞在圆锥角膜和角膜上皮 - 内皮营养不良相关炎症过程中的作用，以及对Lecrolin进行临床评估，Lecrolin是一种专门设计的剂型（眼药水），其主要成分色甘酸钠（安他乐）在哮喘、鼻炎等疾病中用作抗过敏药物。对43例圆锥角膜和角膜上皮 - 内皮营养不良患者的结膜活检标本进行检查，结果表明免疫炎症在这些疾病的发病机制中具有重要意义。肥大细胞是参与各个炎症阶段的典型细胞成分。肥大细胞计数从急性期的2.5增加到慢性期的8.86，这是由于缺乏白细胞阶段以及与之相关的成熟肥大细胞脱颗粒的蛋白水解和稳定作用。肥大细胞与淋巴细胞和单核细胞/巨噬细胞的反应会导致成纤维细胞增殖和胶原蛋白形成的慢性发展。微血管与肥大细胞之间的密切关系会促进血管的持续痉挛，损害微循环床并导致眼前段缺血。在这种情况下，推荐使用抑制组胺释放并稳定肥大细胞膜的色甘酸钠药物（Lecrolin）。
