May D L
Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indiana University School of Nursing, Indianapolis 46202, USA.
Arch Psychiatr Nurs. 1998 Dec;12(6):335-43. doi: 10.1016/s0883-9417(98)80047-2.
The purpose of this study was to test a theoretical framework that proposed a relationship between severe psychiatric symptoms and self-induced water intoxication (SIWI) by using reliable and valid measures. Twenty of 28 community-dwelling individuals with severe mental illness (SMI) in the sample exhibited excess fluid consumption as reflected by a mean urine specific gravity of 1.003 mEq/L. The psychometric measures included the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), the Self Deficit Syndrome Scale (SDSS), and the Spielberger State-trait Anxiety Scale (STAI From X-1). A significant relationship was found at p .01 between severity of psychotic symptoms and severity of SIWI and between severity of SIWI and psychopathology symptoms within the PANSS. Anxiety was higher in those with SIWI before fluid loading compared with those with less excess fluid intake (i.e., USG < 1.010), and anxiety decreased from morning to evening in those with SIWI compared with those who did not exhibit excess fluid intake. The findings revealed a strong relationship between SIWI and severe psychiatric symptoms, including psychosis and a broad range of psychiatric symptoms. The findings provided initial support for the proposed theory, and consideration needs to be given to the development of interventions to augment existing treatment of fluid control.
本研究的目的是通过使用可靠且有效的测量方法，来检验一个提出严重精神症状与自我诱导水中毒（SIWI）之间关系的理论框架。样本中28名患有严重精神疾病（SMI）的社区居住个体中有20人表现出液体摄入过量，这通过平均尿比重为1.003 mEq/L得以体现。心理测量指标包括阳性和阴性症状量表（PANSS）、自我缺陷综合征量表（SDSS）以及斯皮尔伯格状态-特质焦虑量表（STAI-X1）。在精神病症状的严重程度与SIWI的严重程度之间，以及在SIWI的严重程度与PANSS中的精神病理学症状之间，均发现了p<0.01的显著关系。与液体摄入量较少者（即尿比重<1.010）相比，在液体负荷前患有SIWI者的焦虑水平更高；与未表现出液体摄入过量者相比，患有SIWI者的焦虑水平从早晨到晚上有所下降。研究结果揭示了SIWI与严重精神症状之间的紧密关系，包括精神病和广泛的精神症状。这些发现为所提出的理论提供了初步支持，并且需要考虑开发干预措施以加强现有的液体控制治疗。
