Young E A, Nesse R M, Weder A, Julius S
Department of Psychiatry, Mental Health Research Institute, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor 48109, USA.
J Hypertens. 1998 Dec;16(12 Pt 1):1727-33. doi: 10.1097/00004872-199816120-00004.
Increased cardiovascular reactivity has been proposed to be a critical mediator in the development of hypertension and cardiovascular disease. The personality factors associated with cardiovascular reactivity are still subject to debate. The studies reported here were undertaken to examine the relationship between trait anxiety and cardiovascular stress reactivity in a community-based sample (Tecumseh).
All studies were carried out in an outpatient setting. Cardiovascular reactivity to isometric handgrip and mental arithmetic was assessed and recorded by automatic blood pressure monitoring in 832 subjects aged 19-41 years. Spielberger trait and state anxiety measures were collected immediately before the stressors were applied.
No differences in baseline heart rate, systolic or diastolic blood pressure were observed across anxiety categories. There was a clear negative correlation between trait anxiety and cardiovascular reactivity to mental arithmetic. The pattern was less clear in response to isometric handgrip.
These results suggest that individuals with high trait anxiety demonstrate reduced cardiovascular reactivity while those with low trait anxiety demonstrate increased reactivity, whereas the opposite might have been expected.
心血管反应性增加被认为是高血压和心血管疾病发展的关键中介因素。与心血管反应性相关的人格因素仍存在争议。本文报道的研究旨在检验社区样本（蒂尔西特）中特质焦虑与心血管应激反应性之间的关系。
所有研究均在门诊环境中进行。通过自动血压监测评估并记录了832名年龄在19至41岁之间的受试者对静态握力和心算的心血管反应性。在施加应激源之前立即收集斯皮尔伯格特质焦虑和状态焦虑量表。
各焦虑类别之间在基线心率、收缩压或舒张压方面未观察到差异。特质焦虑与心算的心血管反应性之间存在明显的负相关。对静态握力的反应模式不太明显。
这些结果表明，特质焦虑高的个体心血管反应性降低，而特质焦虑低的个体反应性增加，而预期情况可能相反。
