Ruszler P L
Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg 24061-0306, USA.
Poult Sci. 1998 Dec;77(12):1789-93. doi: 10.1093/ps/77.12.1789.
There have been many methods proposed to induce molting. Some worked very well in practice, but others were detrimental to the health and welfare of the hens. The most effective methods use some level of feed restriction and daylength manipulation to reduce body weight (Hansen, 1966; Ruszler, 1974, 1984, 1996; Swanson and Bell, 1974; Brake and Carey, 1983). Weight reduction is necessary for rest and rejuvenation of body tissues. Other methods evaluated incorporated dietary imbalances using either zinc, iodine, or sodium. Pharmaceuticals have been used but have not been cost effective. In recent years there have been those who question whether molting techniques are humane. Therefore, interest has been heightened in alternate methods to induce molting. Research reported to date has been inadequate to accurately determine which methods of induced molting are the least stressful, if they in fact, cause any more stress than that experienced by the hen during a natural molt. The three or four most highly refined methods being used commercially are not generally detrimental to the health and welfare of today's laying hen, provided that they are managed in accordance with proper husbandry practices.
已经提出了许多诱导换羽的方法。有些方法在实践中效果很好，但其他方法却对母鸡的健康和福利有害。最有效的方法是通过一定程度的限饲和光照时长控制来减轻体重（汉森，1966年；鲁兹勒，1974年、1984年、1996年；斯旺森和贝尔，1974年；布雷克和凯里，1983年）。体重减轻对于身体组织的休息和恢复活力是必要的。评估的其他方法包括使用锌、碘或钠制造饮食不均衡。也曾使用过药物，但成本效益不高。近年来，有人质疑换羽技术是否人道。因此，人们对诱导换羽的替代方法的兴趣有所增加。迄今为止报道的研究还不足以准确确定哪些诱导换羽方法压力最小，实际上它们是否比母鸡自然换羽时所经历的压力更大。目前商业上使用的三四种最精细的方法，只要按照适当的饲养管理方法进行操作，一般不会对当今蛋鸡的健康和福利造成损害。
