Regional influences of the fallopian tubes on the rate of boar sperm capacitation in surgically inseminated gilts.

Aliquots of ejaculated boar semen containing known numbers of spermatozoa were deposited into the caudal isthmus or rostral ampulla of the Fallopian tubes of gilts at, or immediately after, ovulation to assess regional influences on the rate of capacitation. Eggs were recovered during a second intervention 4, 5, 6 or 7 h after surgical insemination and were examined by phase-contrast microscopy. Results were obtained from ten animals in each of the 4-, 5- and 6-h groups and from eight animals in the 7-h group. With two exceptions, fertilized eggs were not recovered until 6 h after insemination into the isthmus, the proportion (45.6%) being significantly greater than the corresponding figure (1.4%) for ampullary insemination (P < 0.001). Similarly, the proportion of fertilized eggs recovered 7 h after insemination into the isthmus (58.7%) was significantly greater than after ampullary insemination (21.9%; P < 0.01). Numbers of spermatozoa associated with the zona pellucida remained low in all these instances, with mean figures per egg ranging from 0.3 to 3.8. Insemination into the isthmus gave a 1-2 h advantage in fertilization compared with insemination into the ampulla. Although relative rates of sperm cell progression to the site of fertilization may have contributed to this, there is strong evidence that rates of capacitation differ significantly in the respective portions of the Fallopian tube. Therefore, attention was focused on: (1) the viscous glycoprotein secretion in the caudal isthmus acting to remove seminal plasma from the sperm surface; and (2) the phase of sperm head binding to the isthmus epithelium. Gradients in local endocrine modulation by the adjacent ovary offer one explanation for the functional specialization of different regions of the Fallopian tubes.