Milles C L, Riley P A, Kessenich C R
Norubega Medical, Bangor, Me, USA.
Nurse Pract. 1998 Dec;23(12):40-2, 45-8, 51.
Onychomycosis, a persistent fungal infection affecting the toenails and fingernails, can interfere with standing, walking, and exercising. Associated physical impairments can result in paresthesia, pain, discomfort, and loss of manual dexterity. Patients may also suffer from loss of self-esteem and social interaction. A definitive diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment, because many other skin and nail disorders mimic onychomycosis. Diagnosis involves microscopic potassium hydroxide preparation, cultures, nail biopsy, and histologic analysis. Treatment can include topical and systemic antifungal therapies as well as nonpharmaceutical methods. This paper discusses pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment options for this common nail dystrophy, including the newer antifungal medications now available.
甲癣是一种影响趾甲和指甲的持续性真菌感染，会干扰站立、行走和运动。相关的身体损伤可能导致感觉异常、疼痛、不适以及手部灵活性丧失。患者还可能会出现自尊和社交互动方面的问题。明确诊断对于有效治疗至关重要，因为许多其他皮肤和指甲疾病会与甲癣相似。诊断方法包括显微镜下氢氧化钾制剂检查、培养、指甲活检和组织学分析。治疗方法可以包括局部和全身抗真菌疗法以及非药物方法。本文讨论了这种常见指甲营养不良的病理生理学、诊断和治疗选择，包括目前可用的新型抗真菌药物。
