Wintermeyer S F
Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, Indiana School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA.
Lippincotts Prim Care Pract. 1998 Nov-Dec;2(6):614-24.
Occupational asthma is the most common occupational lung disease in the world. Occupational asthma comprises approximately 25-50% of occupational lung diseases and is responsible for up to 15% of all asthma cases. Either immunologic or nonimmunologic causes may be responsible for occupational asthma. There are approximately 250 compounds known to cause occupational asthma. Common examples include flour, animal dander, isocyanates, and latex. The diagnosis of occupational asthma depends on an accurate history of asthma and documentation that the asthma is caused by workplace exposure. Peak flow measurements are commonly used to provide data to define this relationship. Spirometry and bronchial provocation testing are also helpful. The key management tool in occupational asthma is avoidance of the causative agent. Avoidance is more important than treatment with medications. Occupational asthma can have major socioeconomic impacts on an individual, and the diagnostic work-up and management needs to be performed with this in mind.
职业性哮喘是全球最常见的职业性肺病。职业性哮喘约占职业性肺病的25%-50%，在所有哮喘病例中占比高达15%。免疫性或非免疫性病因均可导致职业性哮喘。已知约有250种化合物可引发职业性哮喘。常见例子包括面粉、动物皮屑、异氰酸酯和乳胶。职业性哮喘的诊断取决于准确的哮喘病史以及哮喘由工作场所接触所致的记录。峰值流量测量通常用于提供数据以确定这种关系。肺量测定和支气管激发试验也有帮助。职业性哮喘的关键管理手段是避免接触致病因子。避免接触比药物治疗更为重要。职业性哮喘可对个人产生重大的社会经济影响，在进行诊断检查和管理时需考虑到这一点。
