Bjork J M, Dougherty D M
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas-Houston Medical School, 77030, USA.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1998 Dec;22(9):1943-50.
Previous reports have shown that drinkers with aggressive personalities not only hold the strongest beliefs that alcohol facilitates aggressive behavior, but they also display the greatest increases in laboratory aggression after receiving alcohol. Given that several studies have demonstrated that a portion of the behavioral and subjective effects of alcohol are due to psychological expectancy, this study explored whether aggressive drinkers have elevated intoxication expectancies from laboratory beverages with unknown alcohol content. The rates of aggressive responses emitted in a money subtraction aggression model under baseline conditions were used to select an aggressive group and a nonaggressive group, each with five male and five female participants. Subjects then ingested and rated each of three placebo (1 ml alcohol) beverages administered hourly during a subsequent laboratory visit, and rated a series of three 0.35 g/kg of alcohol beverages the following day. Whereas nonaggressive subjects clearly discriminated the relative alcohol content of alcohol and placebo drinks, aggressive subjects gave progressively elevated shot equivalent ratings to placebo drinks, similar to their ratings of alcohol doses. However, despite similar self-reported drinking histories, aggressive subjects reported anticipating only half the intoxication from the alcohol doses (and in fact achieved a lower peak breath alcohol concentration) than was expected by nonaggressive subjects.
先前的报告显示，具有攻击性人格的饮酒者不仅坚信酒精会助长攻击性行为，而且在饮酒后，他们在实验室环境中的攻击性增加幅度也是最大的。鉴于多项研究表明，酒精的部分行为和主观效应归因于心理预期，本研究探讨了具有攻击性的饮酒者对于酒精含量未知的实验室饮料，是否具有更高的醉酒预期。在基线条件下，采用金钱减法攻击模型中发出的攻击反应率，挑选出一个攻击性组和一个非攻击性组，每组各有五名男性和五名女性参与者。随后，在实验室访视期间，受试者每小时摄入并对三种安慰剂（1毫升酒精）饮料进行评分，次日对三种0.35克/千克酒精饮料进行评分。非攻击性受试者能够清晰地区分酒精饮料和安慰剂饮料的相对酒精含量，而攻击性受试者对安慰剂饮料的等效注射评分却逐渐升高，与他们对酒精剂量的评分相似。然而，尽管两组自我报告的饮酒史相似，但与非攻击性受试者的预期相比，攻击性受试者报告称，他们预期的酒精剂量致醉程度仅为非攻击性受试者的一半（实际上，他们的呼气酒精浓度峰值也更低）。
