Miyazaki Y, Ando E
No Shinkei Geka. 1976 Sep;4(9):853-60.
Clinical use of four-vessels angiography increased the frequency of detection of intracranial aneurysm in patients who had episode of subarachnoid hemorrhage. However, some cases of subarachnoid hemorrhage did not show intracranial and intraspinal source of bleeding angiographically. Bjökesten and Troupp pointed out that some cases who were negative in angiography may have a very small intracranial aneurysm. Hassler described the minute aneurysm sized less than 2 mm in diameter from finding autpsy of the cases of subarachnoid hemorrhage and he emphasized that source of subarachnoid hemorrhage in tow cases were ruptured minute aneurysm. From the authors' experiences of ten very small intracranial aneurysms, the authors' advocated a name of miliary intracranial aneurysm in clinical practice. The author's criteria of the miliary intracranial aneurysm are as follows: (1) the miliary aneurysm grew from the wall of main trunk of intracranial artery, (2) the maximum diameter and height of protrusion of the miliary intracranial aneurysm are less than the diameter of parent artery. Ten miliary intracranial aneurysms are divided into two groups, one is the miliary intracranial aneurysm which is source of subarachnoid hemorrhage and the other is an accessory aneurysm bedise the another ruptured main aneurysm. These two groups were 5 aneurysms respectively. The majority of the accessory miliary intracranial aneurysms were observed in middle cerebral artery but the ruptured miliary intracranial aneurysms were observed in internal carotid artery, anterior communicating artery and middle cerebral artery. When the clinical symptom occurred at the time of rupture of miliary intracranial aneurysm compare with the one by rupture of usual major intracranial aneurysm, clinical symptom due to meningeal irritation was not different with each other but disturbance of consciousness and other neurological symptom were slight in miliary intracranial aneurysm cases. Angiographic diagnosis of miliary intracranial aneurysm is difficult, because differentiation of the miliary intracranial aneurysm from the loop or angulation of small artery is difficult in routine angiogram. In the case who showed questionable shadow as miliary intracranial aneurysm, the repeated angiography under modified direction of X-ray and modified head position of patient is required. The magnification cerebral angiography of three fold is also useful in diagnosis of miliary intracranial aneurysm. The intracranial treatment of miliary intracranial aneurysms were done by coating except one case whose aneurysm was clipped.
四血管造影术在临床中的应用提高了蛛网膜下腔出血患者颅内动脉瘤的检出率。然而,部分蛛网膜下腔出血病例在血管造影时并未显示出颅内和脊髓内的出血源。比约克斯滕和特鲁普指出,一些血管造影呈阴性的病例可能存在非常小的颅内动脉瘤。哈斯勒通过对蛛网膜下腔出血病例的尸检发现了直径小于2毫米的微小动脉瘤,并强调两例蛛网膜下腔出血的源头是破裂的微小动脉瘤。根据作者对10例非常小的颅内动脉瘤的经验,作者在临床实践中提倡使用粟粒状颅内动脉瘤这一名称。作者对粟粒状颅内动脉瘤的标准如下:(1)粟粒状动脉瘤从颅内动脉主干壁生长;(2)粟粒状颅内动脉瘤的最大直径和突出高度小于母动脉直径。10例粟粒状颅内动脉瘤分为两组,一组是作为蛛网膜下腔出血源头的粟粒状颅内动脉瘤,另一组是除另一个破裂的主要动脉瘤外的附属动脉瘤。这两组各有5个动脉瘤。大多数附属粟粒状颅内动脉瘤见于大脑中动脉,但破裂的粟粒状颅内动脉瘤见于颈内动脉、前交通动脉和大脑中动脉。与通常较大的颅内动脉瘤破裂时出现的临床症状相比,粟粒状颅内动脉瘤破裂时出现临床症状时,脑膜刺激引起的临床症状并无差异,但粟粒状颅内动脉瘤病例的意识障碍和其他神经症状较轻。粟粒状颅内动脉瘤的血管造影诊断困难,因为在常规血管造影中很难将粟粒状颅内动脉瘤与小动脉的袢或成角区分开来。对于显示出可疑粟粒状颅内动脉瘤阴影的病例,需要在改变X射线方向和患者头部位置的情况下重复进行血管造影。三倍放大的脑血管造影对粟粒状颅内动脉瘤的诊断也很有用。粟粒状颅内动脉瘤的颅内治疗除1例动脉瘤夹闭外,均采用涂层治疗。