Ortega R M, Requejo A M, Encinas Sotillos A, Andrés P, López-Sobaler A M, Quintas E
Departamento de Nutrición, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid.
Nutr Hosp. 1998 Nov-Dec;13(6):316-9.
Several authors have established a relationship between osteoporosis and periodontal disease. The ageing process is associated with a loss of both oral and total bone mass. It has been shown that a reduction of bone mineralization aggravates pathological periodontal changes, resulting in less support for the teeth. The present study investigates the nutritional influences that may condition the appearance of both pathological process. Insufficient dietary calcium and a reduction in the calcium: phosphorous ratio may favour the appearance of both these conditions by promoting bone reabsorption. Bone loss affects the following in descending order: jaw bones (especially alveolar bone), cranial bones, ribs, vertebrae and long bones. Alveolar bone which has the highest rate of renewal, is affected first and consequently is the most severely affected in the long term. The role of calcium in the etiology of osteoporosis is a controversial issue. Nevertheless, its implication has been proven in numerous investigations. The effect of adequate calcium intake on dental health has formed the basis of several recent studies. These investigations have demonstrated that increased calcium intake improves the suffering of inflammatory processes and tooth mobility in patients suffering from gingivitis with haemorrhaging. Based on the results of studies which link dietary calcium and phosphorous to the risk of osteoporosis and periodontal disease, and bearing in mind that in a large proportion of the Spanish population calcium intake is below that recommended, there is a need for a general improvement of the diet. It may be of special interest to increase the calcium intake of patients suffering periodontal disease. It may also help in the prevention of osteoporosis.
几位作者已经确立了骨质疏松症与牙周病之间的关联。衰老过程与口腔骨质和全身骨质的流失都有关联。研究表明，骨矿化减少会加剧牙周病变，导致牙齿的支撑力下降。本研究调查了可能影响这两种病理过程出现的营养因素。饮食中钙摄入不足以及钙磷比例降低，可能会通过促进骨质重吸收，促使这两种情况的出现。骨质流失对以下部位的影响程度由高到低依次为：颌骨（尤其是牙槽骨）、颅骨、肋骨、椎骨和长骨。牙槽骨的更新率最高，首先受到影响，因此从长远来看受影响最为严重。钙在骨质疏松症病因中的作用是一个有争议的问题。然而，在众多研究中已证实其相关性。充足的钙摄入量对牙齿健康的影响已成为近期多项研究的基础。这些研究表明，增加钙摄入量可改善患有出血性牙龈炎患者的炎症反应和牙齿松动情况。基于将饮食中的钙和磷与骨质疏松症及牙周病风险联系起来的研究结果，并考虑到很大一部分西班牙人口的钙摄入量低于推荐水平，有必要全面改善饮食。增加牙周病患者的钙摄入量可能会特别有益。这也可能有助于预防骨质疏松症。
