Rogers R W, Mewborn C R
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1976 Jul;34(1):54-61. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.34.1.54.
Three factorial experiments examined the persuasive effects of the noxiousness of threatened event, its probability of occurrence, and the efficacy of recommended protective measures. A total of 176 students participated in separate studies on the topics of cigarette smoking, driving safety, and venereal disease. The results disclosed that increments in the efficacy variable increased intentions to adopt the efficacy variable increased intentions to adopt the recommended practices. Interaction effects revealed that when the preventive practices were effective, increments in the noxiousness and probability variables facilitated attitude change; however, when the coping responses were the preventive practices were effective, increments in the noxiousness and probability either had no effect or a deleterious effect, respectively. These interaction effects were discussed in terms of a defensive avoidance hypothesis, the crucial component of which was an inability to ward off the danger. Furthermore, the effect of the emotion of fear upon intentions was found to be mediated by the cognitive appraisal of severity of the threat. Finally, similarities with and extensions of previous studies were reviewed.
三项析因实验考察了威胁事件的有害性、其发生概率以及推荐的保护措施的有效性的说服效果。共有176名学生参与了关于吸烟、驾驶安全和性病等主题的单独研究。结果显示，有效性变量的增加会增强采取推荐做法的意愿。交互作用效应表明，当预防措施有效时，有害性和概率变量的增加会促进态度改变；然而，当应对反应是预防措施有效时，有害性和概率的增加分别要么没有影响，要么产生有害影响。这些交互作用效应依据防御性回避假设进行了讨论，该假设的关键成分是无法抵御危险。此外，发现恐惧情绪对意愿的影响是由对威胁严重性的认知评估介导的。最后，回顾了与先前研究的相似之处和扩展内容。
