Dying to pay: the cost of end-of-life care.

The number of elderly Canadians is likely to double in 20 years, spurring a discussion of end-of-life care. We analyze the literature on the costs of this care and compare cost assessments of different models of palliative care. The cost of treatments for which there is little empirical support is factored into our cost-savings analysis and the methodological limits of cost-analysis studies are also discussed. We conclude that (a) depending upon the model of care, costs of end-of-life care are considerable, (b) costs of care become more expensive with distance from the home setting, (c) cost savings reported in palliative care settings may be a function of nearness to death; (d) family expenses on end-of-life care are substantial and are not factored into most cost-analysis studies, (e) a two-tiered system of palliative home care allows families with higher incomes to afford help in supporting home deaths, and (f) some treatments given to dying patients are costly while yielding little benefit.