Gray L P
Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol Suppl. 1978 May-Jun;87(3 Pt 3 Suppl 50):3-20. doi: 10.1177/00034894780873s201.
Septal deformity is of two kinds, which may occur independently, or together: 1) anterior cartilage deformity of the quadrilateral septal cartilage, caused by direct trauma or pressure at any age; and 2) combined septal deformity involving all the septal components, caused by compression across the maxilla from pressures occurring during pregnancy or parturition. This is part of a facial deformity. The incidence of septal deformity was investigated in 2,380 Caucasian infants at birth, 2,112 adult skulls of five ethnic groups (European, Indian [Asian], Chinese, African and Australian Aborignal), 918 mammals (266 higher and lower apes, 457 other placental mammals and 185 marsupials). The method of nasal testing of infants by passage of special testing struts (6 by 2 mm) is described. Forty-two percent of septa of infants were straight, 27% deviated and 31% kinked. A similar pattern was found in adult skulls, namely 21% straight, 37% deviated and 42% kinked. Anterior cartilage deformity occurred in about 4% of births. The maxillary molding theory of transmitted pressures during pregnancy or partitution, causing septal deformity, is described. The findings show that varying degrees of septal deformity occur at a constant rate at birth and in the adult. These may vary slightly for each ethnic type. Birth molding pressures are a major cause of dental malocclusion. The shape and strength of the skull and the erect posture appear to be major factors, for septal deformity did not occur in the lower animals, but occurred in 37% of the higher apes and also in a skull of a hominid 1,750,000 years old. This concept enables easy recognition at birth, and the carrying out of a rational method of treatment by manipulation and rapid maxillary expansion.
鼻中隔畸形有两种类型，它们可能单独出现，也可能同时出现：1）四边形鼻中隔软骨的前部软骨畸形，由任何年龄的直接创伤或压力引起；2）涉及所有鼻中隔成分的复合鼻中隔畸形，由怀孕或分娩期间产生的压力通过上颌骨的挤压所致。这是面部畸形的一部分。对2380名白种人婴儿出生时的鼻中隔畸形发生率进行了调查，还研究了五个种族（欧洲人、印度人[亚洲人]、中国人、非洲人和澳大利亚原住民）的2112个成人颅骨，以及918只哺乳动物（266只高等和低等猿类、457只其他胎盘哺乳动物和185只有袋动物）。描述了通过特殊测试支柱（6×2毫米）对婴儿进行鼻腔测试的方法。42%的婴儿鼻中隔是直的，27%有偏差，31%有扭曲。在成人颅骨中也发现了类似的模式，即21%是直的，37%有偏差，42%有扭曲。前部软骨畸形在约4%的出生案例中出现。描述了怀孕或分娩期间传递压力导致鼻中隔畸形的上颌骨塑形理论。研究结果表明，出生时和成人阶段鼻中隔畸形的不同程度以恒定速率出现。每种种族类型可能略有差异。出生时的塑形压力是牙列不齐的主要原因。颅骨的形状和强度以及直立姿势似乎是主要因素，因为鼻中隔畸形在低等动物中未出现，但在37%的高等猿类以及一个175万年前的原始人类颅骨中出现。这一概念有助于在出生时轻松识别，并通过手法操作和快速上颌骨扩展实施合理的治疗方法。
