Lanska D J, Dietrichs E
Tomah VA Medical Center, WI 54660, USA.
Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 1998 Dec 10;118(30):4666-8.
The knee jerk was first described by Erb and Westphal in 1875. In subsequent years neurologists used direct finger taps and light-weight chest percussion hammers, but these proved to be inadequate for eliciting muscle stretch reflexes. The first hammer specially designed for eliciting such reflexes was the triangular reflex hammer introduced by John Madison Taylor in 1888. Over the next 25 years several popular reflex hammers were designed, some of which are still in use. These include the Babinski hammer with a round head fixed perpendicular to the shaft, and Rabiner's modification where the head can also be attached parallel to the shaft.
膝跳反射最早由埃尔布（Erb）和韦斯法尔（Westphal）于1875年描述。在随后的几年里，神经科医生使用直接用手指轻敲和轻质胸部叩诊锤，但事实证明这些方法不足以引出肌肉牵张反射。1888年，约翰·麦迪逊·泰勒（John Madison Taylor）推出了第一把专门设计用于引出此类反射的锤子——三角形反射锤。在接下来的25年里，设计了几种流行的反射锤，其中一些至今仍在使用。这些包括巴宾斯基锤，其圆头垂直于杆固定；以及拉比纳（Rabiner）的改进型，其头部也可以平行于杆安装。
