Iwarson S
Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden.
Vaccine. 1998 Nov;16 Suppl:S63-4. doi: 10.1016/s0264-410x(98)00299-0.
The Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Norway, the Netherlands, Slovakia, Sweden and the UK all have very low HBsAg carrier rates; in the Scandinavian countries, for instance, carrier rates are on the order of 0.05%. Most countries in this group are unconvinced that the carrier rates and the burden of disease caused by new hepatitis infections warrant the expense of universal childhood immunization. In Scandinavia and the UK hepatitis B prevention programmes are based on immunization of high-risk groups. In Scandinavia (excepting Denmark), the UK and the Netherlands, pregnant women are screened and newborns of carrier mothers vaccinated. Only the Czech Republic and Slovakia--both of which now employ high-risk group strategies of hepatitis B prevention--have expressed interest in implementing programmes of universal hepatitis B vaccination of infants and/or adolescents.
捷克共和国、丹麦、芬兰、挪威、荷兰、斯洛伐克、瑞典和英国的乙肝表面抗原（HBsAg）携带者率都非常低；例如，在斯堪的纳维亚国家，携带者率约为0.05%。这一组中的大多数国家认为，携带者率以及新的肝炎感染所造成的疾病负担并不足以证明普及儿童免疫接种的费用是合理的。在斯堪的纳维亚和英国，乙肝预防计划是基于对高危人群的免疫接种。在斯堪的纳维亚（丹麦除外）、英国和荷兰，对孕妇进行筛查，并对携带病毒母亲的新生儿进行疫苗接种。只有捷克共和国和斯洛伐克——这两个国家目前都采用乙肝预防的高危人群策略——表示有兴趣实施针对婴儿和/或青少年的普及乙肝疫苗接种计划。
