Becker S, Hirner A V
Institut für Umweltanalytik und Angewandte Geochemie, Universität-GH Essen, Germany.
Isotopes Environ Health Stud. 1998;34(3):255-64. doi: 10.1080/10256019808234058.
The potential of carbon and sulphur isotope ratios to group crude oils with respect to their origin was investigated. Sample selection was based on the actual crude oil imports to Germany. Analysed crude oils from Algeria, the Community of Independent States (CIS), Middle East, Nigeria, the North Sea and Venezuela make up over 86% of the German crude oil imports. The oil as received was deasphalted and the maltene fraction was separated by MPLC into saturated, aromatic and polar fractions. Due to overlapping areas, it is not possible to group the crude oils by their delta 13C values alone. A complete grouping of the crude oils with respect to their origin can only be achieved by the combined use of delta 13C and delta 34S of crude oils, and isotope type-curves. In some cases isotope type-curves enable differentiation between different oil fields of the same geographical origin. In order to determine the post-spill changes of delta 13C values, an experimental spill of crude oil was studied over a period of seven weeks in an outdoor aquarium containing pond water. The delta 13C measurements of crude oil fractions showed changes up to 1.1/1000 during the oil spill simulation. The delta 13C values of the polar fraction exhibited the smallest change, with a variation of 0.3/1000, and are therefore especially useful for the characterisation of crude oil spills.
研究了碳和硫同位素比率在根据原油来源对其进行分组方面的潜力。样本选择基于德国实际的原油进口情况。分析的来自阿尔及利亚、独立国家联合体（独联体）、中东、尼日利亚、北海和委内瑞拉的原油占德国原油进口量的86%以上。将收到的原油进行脱沥青处理，然后通过中压液相色谱法（MPLC）将软沥青质馏分分离为饱和、芳香和极性馏分。由于存在重叠区域，仅根据δ13C值无法对原油进行分组。只有结合使用原油的δ13C和δ34S以及同位素类型曲线，才能根据原油来源对其进行完整分组。在某些情况下，同位素类型曲线能够区分同一地理来源的不同油田。为了确定溢油后δ13C值的变化，在一个装有池塘水的室外水族箱中对原油进行了为期七周的实验性溢油研究。在溢油模拟过程中，原油馏分的δ13C测量显示变化高达1.1‰。极性馏分的δ13C值变化最小，为0.3‰，因此对原油溢油特征的表征特别有用。
