Belova L V, Mishkich I A, Kresova G A, Liubomudrova T A
Saint-Petersburg State Medical Academy named after I. I. Mechnikov, Piskarevsky prospect, 47, St-Petersburg, 195067 Russia.
Croat Med J. 1999 Mar;40(1):93-8.
Assessment of harmful industrial factors caused by work conditions in a modern milk processing plant.
Work conditions, rest, nutrition, medical service, and subjective health indices among the employees in a new milk processing plant were studied. We used a specially formed questionnaire; instrumental measurements of microclimate parameters, noise, and illumination at workplace; laboratory physical and chemical evaluation of air pollution with aerosols and gases in the plant premises; chronometric studies determining the workers' activity during the working day location, and physical and psychological body exertion at the time of industrial activities; and assessment of design and operating documents of the plant. Laboratory studies included 157 workers, 1,724 tests, 26 chronometric studies, and analysis of 11 plant's documents.
Unfavorable microclimatic conditions, noise, inadequate illumination, air pollution with dust and toxic substances, physical workload, increased demand for concentration, and monotony of labor in mass production professions were found. A great proportion of workers was dissatisfied with their working conditions and many suffered from occupational diseases and work-related diseases.
The conditions of work in the studied milk processing plant may be classified as harmful and dangerous. The flaws in technological process, omissions in design and construction of the plant, as well as its improper exploitation aggravated industrial harmful factors. In combination with unsatisfactory organization of rest, nutrition, and medical services in the plant these factors may affect the workers' health and cause general and occupational diseases.
评估现代牛奶加工厂工作条件所导致的有害工业因素。
对一家新建牛奶加工厂员工的工作条件、休息、营养、医疗服务及主观健康指标进行了研究。我们使用了一份专门编制的问卷；对工作场所的微气候参数、噪音和光照进行仪器测量；对工厂厂房内气溶胶和气体造成的空气污染进行实验室理化评估；进行计时研究以确定工人在工作日的活动地点以及工业活动期间身体和心理的劳累程度；并评估工厂的设计和操作文件。实验室研究涵盖了157名工人、1724次检测、26项计时研究以及对11份工厂文件的分析。
发现存在不利的微气候条件、噪音、光照不足、灰尘和有毒物质造成的空气污染、体力工作量、对注意力的要求增加以及大规模生产行业劳动的单调性。很大一部分工人对其工作条件不满意，许多人患有职业病和与工作相关的疾病。
所研究的牛奶加工厂的工作条件可归类为有害和危险。工艺流程中的缺陷、工厂设计和建设中的疏漏以及不当的运营加剧了工业有害因素。再加上工厂休息、营养和医疗服务组织得不尽人意，这些因素可能会影响工人的健康并导致一般疾病和职业病。
