Paul D H
J Exp Biol. 1976 Aug;65(1):243-58. doi: 10.1242/jeb.65.1.243.
The two programmes underlying uropod beating in Emerita ('swimming' and 'treading water') are distinguished by a difference in timing of the power stroke within the interval between return strokes (cycle). While 'swimming' (cycles approx. 80-400 ms) the phase and while 'treading water' (cycles approx. 100-700 ms) the latency of the power stroke are relatively invariant. Analyses of electromyograms of untrestrained Emerita, before and after bilateral surgical ablation of the four nonspiking mechanoreceptive cells associated with each uropod, established that power strokes in 'treading water' are dependent upon proprioceptive feedback from the nonspiking cells. As cycle duration increases from 80 to 700 ms, the function of the reafference changes from reinforcement of the centrally generated 'swimming' pattern to production of the 'treading water' pattern.
美人虾尾扇摆动的两个程序（“游泳”和“踩水”）的区别在于，在回扫（周期）间隔内动力冲程的时间不同。“游泳”时（周期约80 - 400毫秒）动力冲程的相位，以及“踩水”时（周期约100 - 700毫秒）动力冲程的延迟相对不变。对自由活动的美人虾在双侧手术切除与每个尾扇相关的四个无锋机械感受细胞之前和之后的肌电图分析表明，“踩水”时的动力冲程依赖于来自无锋细胞的本体感受反馈。随着周期持续时间从80毫秒增加到700毫秒，再传入的功能从增强中枢产生的“游泳”模式转变为产生“踩水”模式。
