Tissue distribution of (14C) methyl mercury in the lobster, Homarus americanus.

[14C] Methyl mercury was administered by three different routes: intravascular (iv) injection, ingestion, and absorption from the ambient water. After iv administration (0.1 mg/kg) [14C] methyl mercury was rapidly removed from the plasma, followed by slow loss from the hepatopancreas and a strikingly persistent increase in the amount of radioactivity in the tail muscle. Most (80-90%) of the radioactivity in the hepatopancreas was shown by TLC methods to be the parent compound, and approximately 10% of this persisted for 6 days after injection. The half-life in this organ was found to be 21 days. One month after iv treatment with methyl mercury, the only organs that contained more than 0.1 ppm of this xenobiotic were egg masses, male gonads, heart, brain, intestine, and tail muscle. The half-lives for disappearance from sexual organs were greater than 1 month. After ingestion of [14C] methyl mercury (0.1 mg/kg) in food the hepatopancreas contained most of the administered dose at 6 days (68%), while the stomach (10%), tail muscle (8%), and carcass (15%) contained less. A unique distribution pattern emerged 6 days after exposure to [14C] methyl mercury-containing ambient water (0.1 ppm). The tail muscle contained most (50%) of the absorbed dose, whereas the hepatopancreas and carcass contained only 23 and 10%, respectively. In view of the small molecular size and high lipid solubility of methyl mercury and the lipophilic properties of the chitin-protein exoskeleton of the lobster, it is likely that significant uptake directly from the water as well as storage of absorbed methyl mercury occurred in the tail region. Residue analysis on untreated lobsters indicated that the egg masses contained the largest amount of methyl mercury (0.1 ppm). The hepatopancreas and carcass (muscle) levels were less than 0.05 ppm.